A method of applying a gas-impermeable coating includes forming a polyelectrolyte complex suspension. The polyelectrolyte complex suspension is applied to a substrate. The substrate having the polyelectrolyte complex applied thereon is treated. The treating reduces salt content of the polyelectrolyte complex. The treating results in a gas-impermeable coating being formed on the substrate

A method of treating PVC plates as well as plates and panels manufactured by this method. The plates and panels, in particular wall, ceiling or floor panels, comprise a heat-treated carrier plate based on polyvinyl chloride with a density of, for example, 900 to 2,500 kg/m.sup.3 and a film applied thereon. The film is a thin PVC-film and comprises a decorative pattern directly printed thereon.

A method of treating PVC plates as well as plates and panels manufactured by this method. The plates and panels, in particular wall, ceiling or floor panels, comprise a heat-treated carrier plate based on polyvinyl chloride with a density of, for example, 900 to 2,500 kg/m.sup.3 and a film applied thereon. The film is a thin PVC-film and comprises a decorative pattern directly printed thereon.

The invention relates to a decorative panel, comprising at least one substrate comprising an upper surface and a bottom surface and two pairs of opposing side edges, wherein the substrate comprises at least one core layer and at least one decorative layer and the panel comprising at least one coating layer, wherein the coating layer is provided upon the upper surface of the substrate, wherein both the upper surface of the substrate and the upper coating surface of the coating layer have a predetermined Shore D hardness.

Gloss of a surface having a concave-convex structure is measured, and R/V, which is a ratio of a diffuse specular reflection intensity R to a sum total V of diffuse reflection intensities (in formula, the diffuse specular reflection intensity R represents a diffuse reflection intensity measured at an aperture angle of 1 degree by a variable-angle photometer in a diffuse specular reflection direction when visible light is radiated, at an angle of 45 degrees from a normal line, to the surface having the concave-convex structure of the anti-glare film, and the sum total V of diffuse reflection intensities represents a sum total of diffuse reflection intensities measured at an aperture angle of 1 degree by a variable-angle photometer for every 1 degree from −45 degrees up to 45 degrees, including 0 degrees, with respect to the diffuse specular reflection direction when visible light is radiated, at an angle of 45 degrees from a normal line, to the surface having the concave-convex structure of the anti-glare film), is evaluated to manufacture an anti-glare film. The above-described method enables an anti-glare film having high anti-glare properties and high contrast to be manufactured at high productivity.

A method for manufacturing a synthetic non-perforated drainable material is disclosed herein. Generally, the method includes injecting a coating material with air, applying the air-injected coating material to the first side of the material, and curing the air-injected material such that it adheres. Once cured, the material has a highly efficient drainage rate that remains consistent throughout the life of the material.

A method for manufacturing a synthetic non-perforated drainable material is disclosed herein. Generally, the method includes injecting a coating material with air, applying the air-injected coating material to the first side of the material, and curing the air-injected material such that it adheres. Once cured, the material has a highly efficient drainage rate that remains consistent throughout the life of the material.

Disclosed is an apparatus and method for forming lubricant recesses having minute configurations by applying a photolithograph method in a curved inner surface, such as a cylinder bore surface of a cylinder block, the inside of a cylinder liner, the inside of a compressor cylinder, a big end of a connecting rod, a big end bearing, a shaft insertion hole of a rocker arm, or the like in an internal combustion engine.

Disclosed is an apparatus and method for forming lubricant recesses having minute configurations by applying a photolithograph method in a curved inner surface, such as a cylinder bore surface of a cylinder block, the inside of a cylinder liner, the inside of a compressor cylinder, a big end of a connecting rod, a big end bearing, a shaft insertion hole of a rocker arm, or the like in an internal combustion engine.

Methods of coating a substrate are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a coating composition is applied to the substrate with a high transfer efficiency applicator to produce a coating layer, where the high transfer efficiency applicator and the substrate remain spatially separate while the coating composition is applied. A droplet of the coating composition expelled from the high transfer efficiency applicator has a particle size of about 10 microns or greater. The coating composition has a viscosity of from about 1,000 to about 1,000,000 centipoise when the coating composition is subject to a shear rate of about 0.1 reciprocal seconds (s.sup.−1). However, the coating composition is non-Newtonian such that a coating composition viscosity decreases when the shear rate is increased to the coating composition. The coating layer is impinged with a gas such that a coating layer surface moves upon impingement with the gas.