An automated process for producing exposed electrical contact areas on the conductor part of an epoxy coated bus bar. When the epoxy coating is in the glassy state, one can safely and economically, preferably via automated apparatus, put the epoxy into the rubbery state by positioning the bar and applying localized heat at a select area of the coating; monitoring the heating to above the glass transition temperature of the epoxy, bringing cutting tools into contact with the epoxy for cutting and removing the rubbery coating away from the bus bar, and cooling the bus bar to bring adjacent coating back to the glassy state, thereby leaving an exposed electrical contact area of conductor on the bus bar with little or no surface damage.

A substrate processing method is a method of processing a substrate on which a metal-containing liquid for a film below a resist is applied, wherein prior to a heating process of performing a heat treatment on the substrate applied with the metal-containing liquid, the substrate processing method includes: a deprotection promoting process of promoting deprotection of functional groups in a material for the film included in the substrate on which the metal-containing liquid has been applied; a solvent removing process of removing a solvent included in the metal-containing liquid on the substrate; and a moisture absorbing process of bringing a surface of the substrate into contact with moisture.

A coating is formed on a surface of a base material of a furnace, and includes a base layer and a sliding material layer that is formed on a surface of the base layer and contains an oxide ceramic and a compound having a layered crystal structure. The sliding material layer causes the collided ashes to be slipped and facilitates the drop off of the adhered ashes. The base material forms a heat transfer tube or a wall surface of the furnace. The coating is also applied to a coal gasification furnace, a pulverized coal fired boiler, a combustion apparatus, or a reaction apparatus containing a furnace.

A method for making a silk protein film includes providing an aqueous solution of a silk protein, and annealing a mixture including the aqueous solution of the silk protein and a water-soluble polyhydroxy compound that is present in an amount ranging from 20 wt % to 60 wt % based on a total amount of the silk protein and the water-soluble polyhydroxy compound at an annealing temperature that is higher than 50° C. and lower than 180° C. and under a relative humidity of not higher than 30%, so as to form the silk protein film.

A coated phosphor including: an inorganic phosphor particle; and a silicon oxide coating that coats the inorganic phosphor particle, wherein a molar ratio (O/Si) of an oxygen atom to a silicon atom in the silicon oxide coating through ICP emission spectroscopy of the coated phosphor is 2.60 or less.

A method for manufacturing a body for a sanitary fitting that involves the following steps: provision of the body, wherein the body contains at least partially a zinc alloy and has at least one area for guiding a liquid; and coating the at least one area using an anti-corrosion coating, wherein the anti-corrosion coating is at least partially formed of a polymeric material.

A process for forming a coating on a substrate including atomizing a formulation and applying the formulation to a substrate to form a coating on a substrate.

Ceramics are capable of reducing color irregularities and uneven coating, hard to dissolve into glaze, and excellent in fixation. A water-based paint contains a coloring material, first cellulose nanofibers having a lignin content of 20 to 40 mass % and a water retention of 150 to 300%, and second cellulose nanofibers having a higher viscosity compared to the first cellulose nanofibers, and the water-based paint has a B-type viscosity of 600 cps or higher. Ceramic ware or glassware or the like having painting made on a green body of which surface is formed of silicic acid or silicate compound as a main component, with the water-based paint.

Methods for forming and controlling morphology cracks in silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2) film comprising: preparing SiO.sub.2precursor solution comprising solvent, precursor of SiO.sub.2, precursor of metal oxide nanocrystals, water, and acid; coating the solution onto substrate; drying the solution atop the substrate at a temperature between about 20° C. to 100° C. between 1 minute to 24 hours to form SiO.sub.2 film having uniformly dispersed metal oxide nanocrystals, wherein shorter drying times yield substantially spherical shaped metal oxide nanocrystals and longer drying times yield rod and disc shaped metal oxide nanocrystals; and thermally treating the SiO.sub.2 film between about 60° C. to 500° C. between 1 minute to 24 hours to form cracked mesh SiO.sub.2 film, wherein two cracks initiate from rod shaped metal oxide nanocrystals, three to four cracks initiate from spherical shaped metal oxide nanocrystals, and four or more cracks initiate from disc shaped metal oxide nanocrystals. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

A coating layer application device (200) for applying a coating layer, which is located on a transfer element, to a substrate, the coating layer (206) being formed from a coating material, in particular a thermosetting coating material, the coating layer (206) being curable and comprising an amorphous material, the coating layer application device comprising: a heating device (214, 220) being configured so as to (i) maintain the temperature of the coating layer (206) within a temperature range before removal of N the transfer element (204) from the coating layer (206), wherein within the temperature range the uncured coating material is in its supercooled liquid state; and/or (ii) partially cure the coating layer (206) during a contact of the coating layer (206) and the substrate (210) and before removal of the transfer element (204) from the coating layer, in particular by increasing the temperature of the coating layer (206) to a temperature at or above a curing temperature of the coating layer (206).