The present invention provides a two-dimensional material nanosheets with a large area and a controllable thickness and a general preparation method therefor. As an intralayer heat transfer coefficient of a two-dimensional material is much higher than an interlayer heat transfer coefficient thereof, the two-dimensional material is uniformly heated and sublimated layer by layer by controlling the energy of the laser pulses, a thinning thickness is controlled by adjusting the action time of the laser pulses, and finally, a two-dimensional material film with a controllable thickness is obtained. At the same time, a sample displacement stage moving freely in a two-dimensional plane space can realize preparation of the two-dimensional material film with a large area. Compared with traditional methods, the present invention can control a sample thickness of the two-dimensional material film, has a high generality, and is suitable for all kinds two-dimensional materials.

A method of painting a vehicle component includes charging the vehicle component. The charge of the vehicle component in an area to be painted is selectively changed. Paint is applied to the vehicle component. The vehicle component is heated to fuse the paint to the vehicle component.

A device for lacquer transfer is disclosed having a frame, a nozzle with a dispensing end for dispensing lacquer, and a transfer roller with a circumferential lateral wall, a circumferential outer contact surface of the lateral wall comprises several depressions, wherein the nozzle and the transfer roller are arranged such that lacquer is dispensable from the dispensing end onto the outer contact surface and into the depressions, wherein the transfer roller is configured to roll with the outer contact surface on a work surface of a workpiece for transferring the lacquer from the outer contact surface and from the depressions to the work surface of the workpiece. A first hardening unit is formed as a UV-light unit configured for partially hardening the lacquer in a contactless way by emitting UV-light, the first hardening unit is arranged within an interior space defined by the transfer roller. The lateral wall of the transfer roller is transparent for UV-light, and the first hardening unit is arranged such that UV-light is emittable towards the work surface in a first operational area of the work surface to partially harden the lacquer in the first operational area.

A liquid ejection device includes: a liquid ejection unit with an ejection port surface provided with an ejection port from which liquid is ejected and configured to eject the liquid onto a substrate at an ejection position; an image capturing mechanism configured to face the ejection port surface of the liquid ejection unit and to capture an image of the ejection port surface at a maintenance position different from the ejection position; and a lighting unit configured to irradiate the ejection port surface at multiple incidence angles with respect to the ejection port surface in an operation of capturing an image of the ejection port surface by the image capturing mechanism.

A liquid ejection device includes: a liquid ejection unit with an ejection port surface provided with an ejection port from which liquid is ejected and configured to eject the liquid onto a substrate at an ejection position; an image capturing mechanism configured to face the ejection port surface of the liquid ejection unit and to capture an image of the ejection port surface at a maintenance position different from the ejection position; and a lighting unit configured to irradiate the ejection port surface at multiple incidence angles with respect to the ejection port surface in an operation of capturing an image of the ejection port surface by the image capturing mechanism.

Nanostructured coating materials, methods of their production, and methods of use in a variety of applications are described. The nanostructured materials described herein include one or more 2.sup.+ and/or 3.sup.+ metal ion(s), optionally in a ternary phase, on a substrate.

A substrate processing method is a method of processing a substrate on which a metal-containing liquid for a film below a resist is applied, wherein prior to a heating process of performing a heat treatment on the substrate applied with the metal-containing liquid, the substrate processing method includes: a deprotection promoting process of promoting deprotection of functional groups in a material for the film included in the substrate on which the metal-containing liquid has been applied; a solvent removing process of removing a solvent included in the metal-containing liquid on the substrate; and a moisture absorbing process of bringing a surface of the substrate into contact with moisture.

Examples include a device including a nanovoided polymer element having a first surface and a second surface, a first plurality of electrodes disposed on the first surface, a second plurality of electrodes disposed on the second surface, and a control circuit configured to apply an electrical potential between one or more of the first plurality of electrodes and one or more of the second plurality of electrodes to induce a physical deformation of the nanovoided polymer element.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for methods and systems for making structures using an electrospray system while under vacuum. In particular, embodiments of the present disclosure provide for methods and systems for ultra-fast growth of high aspect ratio nano/meso/micro-structures with three dimensional topological complexity and control of phase and composition of the structure formed.

The present invention provides for a composition comprising a pigment, wherein the composition is suitable for coating a surface that is, or is expected to be, exposed to the sun. The pigment comprises particles that fluoresce in sunlight, thereby remaining cooler in the sun than coatings pigmented with non-fluorescent particles. The particles comprise solids that fluoresce or glow in the visible or near infrared (NIR) spectra, or that fluoresce when doped. Suitable dopants include, but are not limited to, ions of rare earths and transition metals. A coating composition includes: (i) a film-forming resin; (ii) an infrared reflective pigment; and (iii) an infrared fluorescent pigment different from the infrared reflective pigment. When the coating composition is cured to form a coating and exposed to radiation comprising fluorescence-exciting radiation, the coating has a greater effective solar reflectance (ESR) compared to the same coating exposed to the radiation comprising fluorescence-exciting radiation except without the infrared fluorescent pigment. A multi-layer coating including the coating composition, and a substrate at least partially coated with the coating composition is also disclosed. A method of reducing temperature of an article includes applying the coating composition to at least a portion of the article.