A pipe lining having at least two material layers, a first elastomeric layer spray applied directly to the inside of a pipe which acts as a hydrophobic, ductile membrane, and a second rigid layer is spray applied to the first layer prior to complete curing of the first layer. One or more additional layers may be applied to the second layer to provide additional abrasion, erosion or chemical resistance to the second layer. An intermediate reinforcing layer may be disposed between the first and second layers. The first layer cures into a closed cell elastomeric foam, such that stress and other forces are not passed from the pipe to the rigid second layer.

A method for fabricating a porous ceramic heating body, and a method of fabricating a heating body. The method for fabricating includes, in sequence, mixing, ball-milling, defoaming, molding, and drying, pore-forming agent discharging, sintering, and electrode leading. The whole method is simple, and by using a box furnace to sinter the green body under an oxidizing atmosphere and normal pressure, the fabricated ceramic heating body is heated uniformly and the heating efficiency is high.

Aspects of the application provide methods of producing substrates having modified surfaces. In some aspects, methods of surface modification involve treating a surface of a substrate with an organic reagent in vapor phase to form an organic layer over the surface. In some aspects, methods of forming a stable surface coating on an oxidized surface are provided.

Methods and devices for modifying a building panel are disclosed. A solution is applied to a surface of the building panel. The solution consists of light alcohols. A force is applied to a portion of the building panel substantially normal to a horizontal plane of the panel. The force causes a deformation of the portion of the building panel.

An apparatus for applying a viscous material, comprising a bell having a circumferential mounting rim, and a feed line, wherein the material is conveyable via a conveying element through the feed line into the bell, wherein the bell can be transported with the mounting rim, in a direction of mounting, over a protruding element, in particular a rivet head, of a component, in order to encase the element with the material, wherein in the region of the bell or the feed line a metering member is provided, wherein in the course of an application process a flow of the material can be influenced by the metering member.

The present disclosure relates to a coating agent composition comprising: (A) an organopolysiloxane resin that is solid at 25 C., including a siloxane unit represented by the general formula: R.sup.1.sub.3SiO.sub.1/2 and a siloxane unit represented by the formula: SiO.sub.4/2, a molar ratio of the siloxane unit represented by the general formula: R.sub.3SiO.sub.1/2 to the siloxane unit represented by the formula: SiO.sub.4/2 being from 0.5 to 1.2; (B) an organopolysiloxane that is liquid at 25 C., including in a molecule at least two silicon atom-bonded hydrolyzable groups or hydroxyl groups; (C) a silane compound or a partially hydrolyzed condensate thereof; (D) a catalyst for condensation reaction; and (E) an organic solvent. The present coating agent composition has excellent adhesion to a structure such as mortar and concrete, or a primer layer or an intermediate coating layer on the surface thereof, and can form a thin cured film with low surface tack.

An asphalt shingle manufacturing machine that includes a curtain die for applying a liquid release layer on an asphalt coated substrate. The moisture of the liquid release layer evaporates leaving a dispersed solid particulate release layer. The curtain die includes a first body section and a second body section with a shim disposed between the body sections to define a distribution channel. The second body section may include chamber manifold defined therein to store a volume of liquid release agent. The distribution channel places the chamber manifold in fluid communication with a discharge outlet of the curtain die in order to disperse a volume of liquid release agent from a chamber manifold out of the discharge outlet. The shim may be configured to define a width of the distribution channel to determine the flow rate and discharge pattern of the liquid release agent.

Ceramic assembly can comprise a ceramic article comprising a thickness defined between a first major surface and a second major surface. The thickness can be about 100 micrometers or less. The ceramic assembly can comprise a polymer coating deposited over at least an outer peripheral portion of the first major surface of the ceramic article. The polymer coating can comprise a thickness of about 30 micrometers or less. An edge strength of the ceramic assembly can be greater than an edge strength of the ceramic article by about 50 MegaPascals or more. Methods of forming a ceramic assembly can comprise depositing a polymer coating on an outer peripheral portion of a first major surface of a ceramic article. Methods can further comprise curing the polymer coating.

An article according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, among other possible things includes a substrate and a barrier layer on the substrate. The barrier layer includes a bond coat comprising a matrix, diffusive particles disposed in the matrix, and gettering particles disposed in the matrix; and a topcoat including a constituent that is reactive with calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate (CMAS). An article and a method applying a calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate (CMAS)-resistant topcoat are also disclosed.

Provided herein is a film and methods of producing the same. The film includes a substrate and a layer adjacent to the substrate, wherein a surface of the layer comprises spaced apart protrusions. The methods include providing a substrate, depositing a layer on at least a portion of the substrate, decomposing the layer to form at least a first phase of material and a second phase of material, and removing at least a portion of the second phase from the decomposed layer to form a structured layer.