Methods of forming vias in substrates having at least one damage region extending from a first surface etching the at least one damage region of the substrate to form a via in the substrate, wherein the via extends through the thickness T of the substrate while the first surface of the substrate is masked. The mask is removed from the first surface of the substrate after etching and upon removal of the mask the first surface of the substrate has a surface roughness (Rq) of about less than 1.0 nm.

A one-component type polyurethane resin composition for preventing detachment of concrete pieces and tiles containing an isocyanate group-containing urethane prepolymer (A) and a thixotropy-imparting agent (B), and a method for forming a reinforcing layer on a surface of a concrete structure or tiled wall containing a resin coated film composed thereof, in order to provide a one-component type polyurethane resin composition for preventing detachment of concrete pieces and tiles, which has improved workability by being able to be applied with a trowel or brush, forms a transparent resin coated film after reactive curing that has improved weather resistance without applying a top coat, facilitates diagnosis of deterioration of concrete by being carried out visually during maintenance of concrete structures, is able to maintain the existing appearance of the tiled exteriors of buildings and other structures and eliminates dispersion to surrounding areas during application.

A main object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a binder-containing inorganic fiber molded body where localization of the binder is inhibited. The present invention achieves the object by providing a method for manufacturing a binder-containing inorganic fiber molded body including steps of: a binder solution coating step of coating an inorganic fiber molded body with a binder solution, and a liquid coating step of coating the inorganic fiber molded body coated with the binder solution with a liquid of which boiling point is less than 120° C.

A method of forming a photo-cured layer on a substrate can comprise using a first photocurable composition and a second photocurable composition, wherein both photocurable compositions may contain the same types of polymerizable monomers but in different concentration ratios. The concentration ratios of the monomers in each of the two photocurable compositions can be adapted that the uneven loss of one type of monomer from the first photocurable composition due to unwanted evaporation in certain regions of the substrate may be compensated by the second photocurable composition, which contains a higher amount of said monomer. The two photocurable compositions can further be adapted to easily merge to a combined layer with a very even distribution of the polymerizable monomers. This may allow forming photo-cured layers having an excellent homogeneous material structure throughout the layer.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a method for producing a gas diffusion electrode base which enables the achievement of a gas diffusion electrode base that has a microporous layer with small surface roughness and is not susceptible to damaging an electrolyte membrane; and a gas diffusion electrode base that has a microporous layer with small surface roughness and is not susceptible to damaging an electrolyte membrane. For the purpose of achieving the above-described purpose, the present invention has the configuration described below. Namely, a specific gas diffusion electrode base which has a carbon sheet and a microporous layer, and wherein the carbon sheet is porous and the DBP oil absorption of a carbon powder contained in the microporous layer is 70-155 ml/100 g.

The disclosure describes techniques for infiltrating a CMC substrate with a first slurry to at least partially fill at least some inner spaces of the CMC substrate, where the first slurry comprises first solid particles, drying the first slurry to form an infiltrated CMC including the first solid particles, depositing a second slurry including a carrier material and second solid particles on a surface of the infiltrated CMC, where the second solid particles comprise a plurality of fine ceramic particles, a plurality of coarse ceramic particles, and a plurality of diamond particles, drying the second slurry to form an article having an outer surface layer comprising the second solid particles on the infiltrated CMC, and infiltrating the article with a molten infiltrant to form a composite article.

In an embodiment, a method includes forming a first diamond layer on a substrate and inducing a layer of graphene from the first diamond layer by heating the substrate and the first diamond layer. The method includes forming a second diamond layer on top of the layer of graphene and applying a mask to the second diamond layer. The mask includes a shape of a cathode, an anode, and one or more grids. The method further includes forming a two-dimensional cold cathode, a two-dimensional anode, and one or more two-dimensional grids by reactive-ion electron-beam etching. Each of the two-dimensional cold cathode, the two-dimensional anode, and the one or more two-dimensional grids includes a portion of the first diamond layer, the graphene layer, and the second diamond layer such that the graphene layer is positioned between the first diamond layer and the second diamond layer.

An object of the present invention is to provide a honeycomb filter capable of preventing depth filtration and achieving a combination of high collection efficiency and low pressure loss. The honeycomb filter of the present invention comprises a ceramic honeycomb substrate in which a multitude of cells through which a fluid flows are disposed in parallel in a longitudinal direction and are separated by cell walls, each cell being sealed at an end section at either the fluid inlet side or the fluid outlet side, and a filter layer which, among the surfaces of the cell walls, is formed on the surface of the cell walls of those cells in which the end section at the fluid inlet side is open and the end section at the fluid outlet side is sealed, wherein the filter layer is composed of a plurality of spherical ceramic particles, and crosslinking bodies which bind the spherical ceramic particles to each other by crosslinking the spherical ceramic particles, and the spherical ceramic particles and the crosslinking bodies form a three-dimensional network structure.

In one aspect, a gypsum panel includes a gypsum core, a fiberglass mat, and a wetting agent deposited across an entire thickness of the fiberglass mat. The wetting agent is deposited onto the first fiberglass mat in an uncoated state of the fiberglass mat such that the wetting agent penetrates the entire thickness of the fiberglass mat.

A curable coating composition precursor comprising: (a) a first part (A) comprising (i) at least one amine epoxy curing agent based on a phenolic lipid, and (ii) inorganic microspheres; and (b) a second part (B) comprising (i) at least one epoxy resin, (ii) optionally, at least one reactive diluent, (iii) at least one epoxy reactive flexibilizer, and (iv) inorganic microspheres. The curable coating composition precursor comprises at least one fire retardant compound in part (A) and/or part (B), and the curable coating composition obtained by combining part (A) and part (B) has a density of less than 0.7 g/cm.sup.3.