Methods of coating powder coating compositions, particularly substrate powder coating compositions, and methods of making a substrate container, a portion thereof, or a closure for a container, and powder coating systems.

A wet coating composition useful for coating a cellulosic fiber-based substrate is provided. The composition includes two aqueous emulsions. The first emulsion includes an oxidized paraffin/polyethylene wax and the second emulsion includes an ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer wax, ethylene/acrylic amide copolymer wax, ethylene/acrylic acid/acrylic amide copolymer wax or a mixture thereof. The oxidized paraffin/polyethylene wax has a surface energy less than or equal to 25 mN/m being substantially dispersive energy. The wet coating composition when dried forms a coating having a surface energy ranging from 20 to 60 mN/m being the sum of dispersive and polar energies. A process for treating a cellulosic fiber-based substrate with the wet coating composition, a substrate coated and articles including the coated substrate are also described. The process involves a heating step to allow migration of the coating towards a core of the cellulosic fiber-based substrate.

A lubricating film-coated steel sheet to be subjected to complicated forming is disclosed. The organic resin film contains an acrylic resin having a glass transition point (Tg) of 100 C. or higher and an acid value ratio R=acid value (mg-KOH/g)/Tg ( C.) of 1.50 or more, and 5 mass % or more of a polyolefin wax having a melting point of 100 C. or higher and 145 C. or lower and an average particle diameter of 3.0 m or less, and is formed on a surface of a steel sheet at a coating weight, W, of 0.3 g/m.sup.2 or more and 2.5 g/m.sup.2 or less per surface.

A wet coating composition useful for coating a cellulosic fiber-based substrate is provided. The composition includes two aqueous emulsions. The first emulsion includes an oxidized paraffin/polyethylene wax and the second emulsion includes an ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer wax, ethylene/acrylic amide copolymer wax, ethylene/acrylic acid/acrylic amide copolymer wax or a mixture thereof. The oxidized paraffin/polyethylene wax has a surface energy less than or equal to 2 m N/m being substantially dispersive energy. The wet coating composition when dried forms a coating having a surface energy ranging from 20 to 60 m N/m being the sum of dispersive and polar energies. A process for treating a cellulosic fiber-based substrate with the wet coating composition, a substrate coated and articles including the coated substrate are also described. The process involves a heating step to allow migration of the coating towards a core of the cellulosic fiber-based substrate.

A wet coating composition useful for coating a cellulosic fiber-based substrate is provided. The composition includes two aqueous emulsions. The first emulsion includes an oxidized paraffin/polyethylene wax and the second emulsion includes an ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer wax, ethylene/acrylic amide copolymer wax, ethylene/acrylic acid/acrylic amide copolymer wax or a mixture thereof. The oxidized paraffin/polyethylene wax has a surface energy less than or equal to 2 m N/m being substantially dispersive energy. The wet coating composition when dried forms a coating having a surface energy ranging from 20 to 60 m N/m being the sum of dispersive and polar energies. A process for treating a cellulosic fiber-based substrate with the wet coating composition, a substrate coated and articles including the coated substrate are also described. The process involves a heating step to allow migration of the coating towards a core of the cellulosic fiber-based substrate.

Provided is a coated steel sheet having excellent press formability. The coated steel sheet includes a film containing defined organic resin and wax. The film has an area fraction of wax-deficient portions relative to the film as a whole of 20.0% or less, an average area of wax-deficient portions of 50.0 m.sup.2 or less, and a coating weight per side of 0.3 g/m.sup.2 or more.

Provided is a coated steel sheet having excellent press formability. The coated steel sheet includes a base steel sheet and, on at least one side of the base steel sheet, a film containing organic resin and wax. The organic resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resins, epoxy resins, urethane resins, phenolic resins, vinyl acetate resins, and polyester resins. The wax is polyolefin wax having a melting point that is 100 C. or more and 145 C. or less and an average particle size that is 3.0 m or less. The proportion of the wax in the film is 5 mass % or more and 70 mass % or less. Coating weight variation is 0.300 or less. Coating weight .sub.W of the film is 0.3 g/m.sup.2 or more.

Provided is a coated steel sheet having excellent press formability. The coated steel sheet includes a base steel sheet and, on at least one side of the base steel sheet, a film containing organic resin and wax. The organic resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resins, epoxy resins, urethane resins, phenolic resins, vinyl acetate resins, and polyester resins. The wax is polyolefin wax having a melting point that is 100 C. or more and 145 C. or less and an average particle size that is 3.0 m or less. The film has a specified distribution of the wax. coating weight of the film per side is 0.3 g/m.sup.2 or more.