A method of sealing surface imperfections on a sanded surface of a repair to a vehicle body is provided that includes an uncured layer of a formulation being applied to sanded cured body filler on the vehicle body. The formulation includes a polyester resin, a crosslinking agent, a solvent, and a particulate filler. The uncured layer is exposed to actinic radiation to induce cure of the uncured layer to form a sealing coating. The resulting seal coating has able to seal surface imperfections. A surface imperfection sealing formulation is also provided that includes a polyester resin and a multifunctional crosslinking agent. A solvent is provided. A photoinitiator renders the formulation curable upon exposure to ultraviolet light exposure. A particulate filler is also present in an amount to result in a formulation with an uncured viscosity of between 2600 and 3000 centipoises.

Provided is a bilayer composition for surface treatment of a steel plate and a surface-treated steel plate using same. The bilayer composition for surface treatment of a steel plate, comprising an undercoat coating composition including 1 to 12 wt % of a phenoxy resin, 0.001 to 1.0 wt % of colloidal silica, 0.001 to 1.0 wt % of a silane coupling agent, 0.1 to 1.0 wt % of a corrosion inhibitor, 0.001 to 1.0 wt % of a phosphoric acid compound as a long-term corrosion resistance improving agent, and a balance of water; and a topcoat coating composition including 0.1 to 5.0 wt % of an acrylic acid resin, 30 to 50 wt % of colloidal silica, 40 to 60 wt % of alkoxy silane, 5 to 15 wt % of an acrylate-based monomer, 0.01 to 1.00 wt % of an acidity control agent, and a balance of an organic solvent.

Provided is a bilayer composition for surface treatment of a steel plate and a surface-treated steel plate using same. The bilayer composition for surface treatment of a steel plate, comprising an undercoat coating composition including 1 to 12 wt % of a phenoxy resin, 0.001 to 1.0 wt % of colloidal silica, 0.001 to 1.0 wt % of a silane coupling agent, 0.1 to 1.0 wt % of a corrosion inhibitor, 0.001 to 1.0 wt % of a phosphoric acid compound as a long-term corrosion resistance improving agent, and a balance of water; and a topcoat coating composition including 0.1 to 5.0 wt % of an acrylic acid resin, 30 to 50 wt % of colloidal silica, 40 to 60 wt % of alkoxy silane, 5 to 15 wt % of an acrylate-based monomer, 0.01 to 1.00 wt % of an acidity control agent, and a balance of an organic solvent.

A method of making a friction pad comprising applying a soft bonding layer and a traction layer to a support sheet. The pad is easily exchangeable, non-fouling to its surroundings, and soft to bare skin.

Methods for treating panels are described that include coating a wood substrate with a polymeric solution, curing the coated wood substrate by subjecting the coated wood to ultraviolet radiation and causing the polymeric solution to crosslink to produce a fire-resistant veneer. Also described is a composite material comprising a wood substrate layer, and a UV-cured flame retardant coating the wood substrate layer, wherein the composite material has a Flame Spread Index values within 0 to 25 and a Smoke Developed Index of 450 or lower.

A powder coating composition is provided herein. The powder coating composition includes a glycidyl-functionalized (meth)acrylic resin as a film-forming binder, a cross-linking agent (hardener) for the binder, particles chosen from the group comprising aluminum oxide Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and aluminum hydroxide Al(OH).sub.3 particles, and a coating additive, the wt % based on the total weight of the powder coating composition. A process for the production of a scratch resistant powder coating is also provided herein. The process includes the steps of a) applying a transparent clear coat or a pigmented top coat directly onto a substrate surface or onto a prior coating, and b) curing the clear coat or the top coat applied in step a) wherein the transparent clear coat or the pigmented top coat includes the powder coating composition.

A coating method for forming a laminated coating film including a lower layer formed on a base material and an upper layer formed on the lower layer including: preparing a thermosetting coating material as a lower layer-coating material and preparing a thermosetting coating material as an upper layer-coating material; forming an uncured laminated coating film by applying the lower layer-coating material and the upper layer-coating material on the base material using a wet-on-wet technique; and simultaneously curing the lower layer-coating material and the upper layer-coating material by baking the uncured laminated coating film. In the preparation step, the lower layer-coating material and the upper layer-coating material are selected so that an absolute value of a difference in shrinkage ratio between the lower layer and the upper layer coating materials is 2.0% or smaller at a late stage of the baking step.

Provided is a coating composition containing: a hydroxyl group-containing resin (A), a curing agent (B), and cellulose nanocrystal particles (C), where a viscosity (V.sub.1) measured under conditions of a temperature of 25 C. and a shear rate of 1500 sec.sup.1 is in a range from 10 to 70 mPa.Math.s, and a viscosity (V.sub.2) measured under conditions of a temperature of 25 C. and a shear rate of 0.1 sec.sup.1 is in a range from 10000 to 50000 mPa.Math.s.

A coating method for forming a laminated coating film including: preparing a thermosetting coating material as a lower layer-coating material, an intermediate layer-coating material, and as an upper layer-coating material; forming an uncured laminated coating film by applying the lower layer-coating, the intermediate layer-coating, and the upper layer-coating materials on the base material using a wet-on-wet technique; and simultaneously curing the lower layer-coating, the intermediate layer-coating, and upper layer-coating materials by baking the uncured laminated coating film. In the preparation step, the lower layer-coating, the intermediate layer-coating, and the upper layer-coating materials are selected so a sum of an absolute value of a difference in shrinkage ratio between the lower layer-coating and the intermediate layer-coating materials and an absolute value of a difference in shrinkage ratio between the intermediate layer-coating and the upper layer-coating materials at the late stage of the baking is 3.0% or smaller.

A friction pad that is easily exchangeable, non-fouling to its surroundings, and soft to bare skin includes a support sheet, a soft bonding layer, and a traction layer. Methods of making and using such a friction pad are provided that include applying materials serially in a liquid state to the support sheet.