An apparatus and method for preparing nanoemulsions from an oil phase and an aqueous phase, wherein the oil phase can be essential oils, such as damask rose essential oil. The apparatus includes a homogenization unit having a homogenization tank and a sonication unit comprising a sonication tank. The dispersion of oil phase and aqueous phase is passed between the homogenization unit and sonication unit multiple times to prepare the nanoemulsion.

An apparatus and method for preparing nanoemulsions from an oil phase and an aqueous phase, wherein the oil phase can be essential oils, such as damask rose essential oil. The apparatus includes a homogenization unit having a homogenization tank and a sonication unit comprising a sonication tank. The dispersion of oil phase and aqueous phase is passed between the homogenization unit and sonication unit multiple times to prepare the nanoemulsion.

An aerosol generating device includes: a housing; a first printed circuit board arranged to extend along one surface of the housing; and a second printed circuit board arranged in the housing, and on which a processor configured to generate a control signal is mounted, the second printed circuit board extending in a direction crossing a direction in which the one surface of the housing extends.

An underwater sound source includes an acoustical driver, a controller of the acoustical driver, and a resonant tube acoustically coupled to the acoustical driver. The resonant tube has a pair of slotted portions, in which each slotted portion is disposed along the length of the resonant tube at a location corresponding to a node of a harmonic of the resonant tube. The sound system is configured to emit an output signal within a bandwidth defined by a dual resonance characteristic of the resonator tube. The sound source may also include a pair of coaxial tubular sleeves disposed around the resonant tube, each sleeve configured to slidably cover one of the slotted portions, and tune the resonance frequency of the tube over a wide range. At a high frequency end, when slots are uncovered, the frequency response of the resonant tube obtains a dual-resonant form.

An ultrasonic probe and an ultrasonic detecting device provided with the ultrasonic probe. The ultrasonic probe includes: an ultrasonic transducer array configured to transmit and receive ultrasonic waves; a conducting device disposed at the front end of the ultrasonic transducer array, and the conducting device includes a fluid chamber filled with fluid. The fluid chamber has an opening and an energy receiving port which are in communication with each other, and the opening is disposed on a front surface of the conducting device and covered by an elastic film; an energy applying device, connected to the energy receiving port to apply energy to the fluid within the fluid chamber to make the elastic film vibrate so as to generate a shear wave.

In one example, a method of debris removal includes pressurizing a chamber to displace an elastic top surface of the chamber upward, and modulating the pressure of the mass of air within the chamber to cause the elastic top surface to oscillate in response. When the elastic top surface has been installed on the top surface of a vehicle (e.g., a semi-trailer), such oscillation may be used to impart movement to debris that has accumulated on or over the elastic top surface and remove such debris from the vehicle.

A flexible haptic actuator and corresponding method. The flexible haptic actuator comprises a core formed with a flexible material. The core defines a volume and is bendable. An electrical conductor is coiled around the core and is bendable. A casing surrounds the electrical conductor and at least a part of the core. The casing includes a plurality of flexible sections and a plurality of stiff sections. The casing is bendable. A haptic mass is suspended in the volume, the haptic mass being at least partially formed with a magnetic material. The haptic mass is movable in the volume in response to the electrical conductor generating a magnetic field.

A flexible haptic actuator and corresponding method. The flexible haptic actuator comprises a core formed with a flexible material. The core defines a volume and is bendable. An electrical conductor is coiled around the core and is bendable. A casing surrounds the electrical conductor and at least a part of the core. The casing includes a plurality of flexible sections and a plurality of stiff sections. The casing is bendable. A haptic mass is suspended in the volume, the haptic mass being at least partially formed with a magnetic material. The haptic mass is movable in the volume in response to the electrical conductor generating a magnetic field.

A flexible haptic actuator and corresponding method. The flexible haptic actuator comprises a core formed with a flexible material. The core defines a volume and is bendable. An electrical conductor is coiled around the core and is bendable. A casing surrounds the electrical conductor and at least a part of the core. The casing includes a plurality of flexible sections and a plurality of stiff sections. The casing is bendable. A haptic mass is suspended in the volume, the haptic mass being at least partially formed with a magnetic material. The haptic mass is movable in the volume in response to the electrical conductor generating a magnetic field.

A tobacco rod for a flavor inhaler includes a cylindrical container, and a flavor source including tobacco filled in the cylindrical container, in which the flavor source is filled in such a manner as to form voids over a longitudinal direction, and the following relationship is satisfied: S/T17%, wherein T represents an area of all voids present in a cross-section of the flavor source orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical container, and S represents a total area of voids each having an area of 800000 m.sup.2 or more in the cross-section.