A method of making black mass from lithium containing batterie includes the steps of closing a chamber enclosing lithium-containing batteries and injecting nitrogen into the chamber to create an atmosphere sufficiently low in oxygen to prevent explosions and burning of the lithium-containing batteries. The lithium-containing batteries are shredded in the nitrogen atmosphere to produce shredded batteries. The shredded batteries are heated in the nitrogen atmosphere to a temperature sufficient to vaporize electrolyte and plastics from the batteries and produce pyrolyzed fragments. Lithium is present in a water-soluble nitrate form within the pyrolyzed fragments. The pyrolyzed fragments are classified to produce a black mass and a remaining metals fraction. The remaining metals fraction can be further classified to recover ferrous metals, light metals, and heavy metals.

Provided herein are composite materials comprising at least 70 wt. % thermally consolidated recovered paper and plastic fragments and less than 5,000 ng water-soluble endotoxin per gram of composite materials, as well as methods of preparing said composite materials and methods of sanitizing recovered waste materials.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to a method, apparatus and system for the destruction of hazardous material including Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances. The method, apparatus and system can include non-concentrated hazardous material or the concentration of the hazardous material into granular activated charcoal or other absorbents and a vacuum controlled loading system for a re-usable or non-reusable container to minimize leakage of the hazardous material into the atmosphere.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to a method, apparatus and system for the destruction of hazardous material including Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances. The method, apparatus and system can include non-concentrated hazardous material or the concentration of the hazardous material into granular activated charcoal or other absorbents and a vacuum controlled loading system for a re-usable or non-reusable container to minimize leakage of the hazardous material into the atmosphere.

Provided is a method for recovering valuable metals contained in waste batteries, wherein valuable metals can be efficiently recovered while suppressing a reduction in recovery rate. The method according to the present invention for recovering valuable metals from waste batteries comprises: a roasting step S1 for roasting a waste battery; a crushing step S2 for inserting an obtained roasted material into a crushing container, and crushing the roasted material using a chain mill; and a sieving step S3 for sieving an obtained crushed material and separating the crushed material into sieve upper material and sieve lower material. A chain mill equipment that is used in the crushing process is provided with: a rotating axial rod vertically erected with respect to a bottom surface of a crushing container; and a chain attached to a side surface of the rotating axial rod.

Provided is a method for recovering valuable metals contained in waste batteries, wherein valuable metals can be efficiently recovered while suppressing a reduction in recovery rate. The method according to the present invention for recovering valuable metals from waste batteries comprises: a roasting step S1 for roasting a waste battery; a crushing step S2 for inserting an obtained roasted material into a crushing container, and crushing the roasted material using a chain mill; and a sieving step S3 for sieving an obtained crushed material and separating the crushed material into sieve upper material and sieve lower material. A chain mill equipment that is used in the crushing process is provided with: a rotating axial rod vertically erected with respect to a bottom surface of a crushing container; and a chain attached to a side surface of the rotating axial rod.

Provided is a method for recovering lithium, for recovering lithium from a lithium ion secondary battery, the method including: a thermal treatment step of thermally treating a lithium ion secondary battery having a residual voltage higher than or equal to 80% of a rated voltage, to obtain a thermally treated product; a pulverizing step of pulverizing the thermally treated product, to obtain a pulverized product; and a lithium recovering step of recovering lithium from the pulverized product.

The present invention relates to a process for recycling a polyester film that includes comminuting a used polyester film to shreds, the used polyester film including a polyethylene terephthalate polymer, melting the shreds in a twin-screw or multi-screw extruder, filtering the melt, and pelletizing. The present invention further relates to a process for producing a biaxially oriented polyester film that includes melting PET pellets in an extruder, at least 10% by weight of the pellets having been obtained by the process of the invention for recycling a polyester film. The present invention further relates to pellets and to a biaxially oriented polyester film, obtained by the processes of the invention, and also to the use thereof.

The present invention relates to a process for recycling a polyester film that includes comminuting a used polyester film to shreds, the used polyester film including a polyethylene terephthalate polymer, melting the shreds in a twin-screw or multi-screw extruder, filtering the melt, and pelletizing. The present invention further relates to a process for producing a biaxially oriented polyester film that includes melting PET pellets in an extruder, at least 10% by weight of the pellets having been obtained by the process of the invention for recycling a polyester film. The present invention further relates to pellets and to a biaxially oriented polyester film, obtained by the processes of the invention, and also to the use thereof.

Embodiments of the present invention may provide managing waste including providing non-sorted solid waste (1), processing non-sorted solid waste in a waste handling system (21), shredding (26) non-sorted solid waste to create shredded non-sorted solid waste (27) in a waste handling system; introducing shredded non-sorted solid waste into a thermochemical conversion reactor (4); heating and even chemically converting a shredded non-sorted solid waste; producing hydrochar (22) and a recyclable materials fraction (23); recycling water (24) used in the heating and chemically processing of the shredded non-sorted solid waste in a thermochemical conversion reactor in said waste handling system; sorting (25) the recyclable materials fraction; fueling (28) a thermochemical conversion reactor with hydrochar (22); and perhaps even recycling heat from a thermochemical conversion reactor in the waste handling system.