The present invention relates to a porcelain stoneware element for the construction of driveways.

The present disclosure provides efficient and cost-effective methods for producing synthetic soil and synthetic stone from waste, including inorganic waste and organic waste, through a hydrolysis-polycondensation process.

An apparatus and method to efficiently recover noble metals such as gold, silver and copper and aluminum from incineration ash, and effectively use ash after recovering the noble metals and others. An incineration ash treatment apparatus 1 including: a crusher for crushing an incineration ash A1 to be less or equal to 5 mm in maximum particle diameter, or/and a classifier for classifying an incineration ash to obtain an incineration ash whose maximum particle diameter is less or equal to 5 mm; an eddy current separator 8 for separating an incineration ash whose maximum particle diameter is less or equal to 5 mm discharged from the crusher or/and the classifier into a conductor E and a nonconductor I; a specific gravity separator for separating a conductor discharged from the eddy current separator 8 into a high gravity material H2 and a low gravity material L2. The specific gravity separator can be an air table 10. A classifier for classifying a crushed material C, classifying point of which is 5 mm or less, can be mounted, and fine particles P whose particle diameters are 5 mm or less discharged from the classifier can be fed to the eddy current separator 8. Rotation speed of a drum of the eddy current separator 8 can be 4000 rpm or more.

There is provided A process for producing a biocompatible soil mixture from cremated ash remains, the process comprising: mixing cremated ash remains with a soil base material and a nutrient composition to produce a pre-conditioned mixture, the nutrient composition comprising at least one of paramagnetic material, soil conditioner and fertilizer; and conditioning the pre-conditioned mixture using a microbial conditioner to adjust the adverse chemical properties of the cremated ash remains biologically to produce a conditioned soil mixture being biocompatible for a legacy tree, wherein the pre-conditioned mixture comprises less than 10% of the cremated ash remains by volume.

A process for reforming the fly ash, including the heating step that heats a raw fly ash powder containing the unburned carbon at a temperature of 780 to 1000 C. to decrease the amount of the unburned carbon contained in the raw fly ash powder; and the cooling/classifying step that introduces the heat-treated fly ash in a state of being maintained at a high temperature as obtained through the heating step into a cooling/classifying apparatus so that the fly ash is separated into a fine grains and a coarse grains; wherein the cooling/classifying apparatus 3 used in the cooling/classifying step has a basic structure in which the gas flow for classification is introduced from the lower side and the gas flow Z for cooling/classification introduced into the apparatus is then discharged from the upper side; the heat-treated fly ash is brought into contact with the gas flow Z for cooling/classification, the fine grains contained in the heat-treated fly ash is lifted up and discharged out of the apparatus while the coarse grains contained in the heat-treated fly ash is allowed to stay in the apparatus 3, and the fine grains and the coarse grains are separated and cooled; and the fine grains discharged from the apparatus 3 is recovered by using a dust-collecting apparatus, and the coarse grains is recovered from the apparatus 3.

A process for producing a modified fly ash comprising the steps of providing, as a raw material, the raw fly ash discharged from a pulverized coal combustion boiler; classifying the raw fly ash into a crude powder and a fine powder; removing the unburned carbon contained in the crude powder by heating the crude powder at a temperature in a range of 500 to 1000 C.; and mixing together the crude powder from which the unburned carbon has been removed and the fine powder to obtain a modified fly ash.

A process for reforming the fly ash, including the heating step that heats a raw fly ash powder containing the unburned carbon at a temperature of 780 to 1000 C. to decrease the amount of the unburned carbon contained in the raw fly ash powder; the classifying step that introduces the heat-treated fly ash containing the unburned carbon in decreased amounts obtained through the heating step into a classifying apparatus in the state of being heated at a high temperature so as to separate the fly ash into a coarse powder and a fine powder; the fine powder recovering step that recovers the fine powder of the heat-treated fly ash obtained through the classifying step by using a dust-collecting apparatus; and the milling step that mills the coarse powder of the heat-treated fly ash obtained through the classifying step until a 45 m sieve residue becomes not more than 34% by mass, and then recovers the milled powder.

An organic composition for decomposing bodily remains including a composite mixture of compost, peat, sulfur, and gypsum. The composite mixture is configured to combine with the bodily remains to decompose the bodily remains. The combined mixture has a reduced pH for reducing the detrimental effects of the bodily remains on the environment.

A ceramic membrane is provided, which may include glass, incinerator fly ash, kaolin and palygorskite. The weight percent of the glass may be 3060 wt %. The weight percent of the incinerator fly ash may be 530 wt %. The weight percent of the kaolin may be 050 wt %. The weight percent of the palygorskite is 030 wt %.

An organic composition for decomposing bodily remains including a composite mixture of compost, peat, sulfur, and gypsum. The composite mixture is configured to combine with the bodily remains to decompose the bodily remains. The combined mixture has a reduced pH for reducing the detrimental effects of the bodily remains on the environment.