This hot-rolled steel sheet has a predetermined chemical composition, and in a case where the thickness is denoted by t, the metallographic structure at a t/4 position from the surface contains one or both of tempered martensite and lower bainite at a volume percentage of 90% or more, the tensile strength is 980 MPa or more, and the average Ni concentration on the surface is 7.0% or more.

Provided is a titanium composite material 1 including: a first surface layer portion 2; an inner layer portion 4; and a second surface layer portion 3; wherein: the first surface layer portion 2 and the second surface layer portion 3 are composed of a titanium alloy; the inner layer portion 4 is composed of a commercially pure titanium including pores; a thickness of at least one of the first surface layer portion 2 and the second surface layer portion 3 is 2 μm or more, and a proportion of the thickness with respect to an overall thickness of the titanium composite material 1 is 40% or less; and a porosity in a cross section perpendicular to a sheet thickness direction is more than 0% and 30% or less.

A method and a device for producing a continuous strip-shaped composite material. The device has at least one first casting machine, using which a continuous strand is produced, in particular from steel, at least one rolling stand, which is arranged in line with the first casting machine and downstream thereof. A fully solidified slab of the strand produced using the first casting machine can be hot rolled, and at least one second casting machine, using which a further continuous strand is produced from metal. Between the casting machines, on the one hand, and the rolling stand, on the other hand, a merging unit is arranged, by means of which the slabs can be moved in the direction toward each other in the hot state. The rolling stand is designed as a roll-cladding unit, by which a composite formed from the merged slabs can be hot rolled.

A method and a device for producing a continuous strip-shaped composite material. The device has at least one first casting machine, using which a continuous strand is produced, in particular from steel, at least one rolling stand, which is arranged in line with the first casting machine and downstream thereof. A fully solidified slab of the strand produced using the first casting machine can be hot rolled, and at least one second casting machine, using which a further continuous strand is produced from metal. Between the casting machines, on the one hand, and the rolling stand, on the other hand, a merging unit is arranged, by means of which the slabs can be moved in the direction toward each other in the hot state. The rolling stand is designed as a roll-cladding unit, by which a composite formed from the merged slabs can be hot rolled.

A calcium-bearing magnesium and rare earth element alloy consists essentially of, in mass percent, zinc (Zn): 1-3%; aluminum (Al): 1-3%; calcium (Ca): 0.1-0.4%; gadolinium (Gd): 0.1-0.4%; yttrium (Y): 0-0.4%; manganese (Mn): 0-0.2%; and balance magnesium (Mg).

Provided is a titanium composite material 1 including: a first surface layer portion 2; an inner layer portion 4; and a second surface layer portion 3; wherein: the first surface layer portion 2 and the second surface layer portion 3 are composed of a titanium alloy; the inner layer portion 4 is composed of a commercially pure titanium including pores; a thickness of at least one of the first surface layer portion 2 and the second surface layer portion 3 is 2 μm or more, and a proportion of the thickness with respect to an overall thickness of the titanium composite material 1 is 40% or less; and a porosity in a cross section perpendicular to a sheet thickness direction is more than 0% and 30% or less.

A X80 pipeline steel with good strain-aging performance comprises (wt. %): C: 0.02-0.05%; Mn: 1.30-1.70%; Ni: 0.35-0.60%: Ti: 0.005-0.020%; Nb: 0.06-0.09%; Si: 0.10-0.30%; Al: 0.01-0.04%; N≤0.008%; P≤0.012%; S≤0.006%; Ca: 0.001-0.003%, and balance iron and unavoidable impurities.

The present invention provides a dynamic contact heat transfer simulation device for rolling heavy-load deformation zone. The device includes a control system, a data acquisition system, a pressure-adjustable fixed cold end, a rotating chuck, a temperature-adjustable heat-conducting rod and an speed-adjustable rotation hot end; the device utilizes the rotating chuck and the speed-adjustable rotating hot end to adjust the rotation speed in real time according to the actual rolling conditions, simulate the working conditions of the actual rolling heavy-load deformation zone, and accurately obtain the dynamic heat transfer coefficient of the rotating contact interface under variable load pressure conditions.

A method for collecting mill scale from a hot rolling mill is provided. The hot rolling mill includes a flume. The method includes transporting mill scale particles in wastewater, retrieving the wastewater from a flume of the hot rolling mill and separating the mill scale particles from the wastewater using a separator. A hot rolling mill and a method for retrofitting a hot rolling mill are also provided.

Provided is an aluminum alloy foil that has sufficient surface hardness, while exhibiting excellent moist-heat resistance and corrosion resistance. The aluminum alloy foil contains 96.9 mass % or more aluminum, 0.4 mass % or more and 3 mass % or less of manganese, 0.03 mass % or more and 0.08 mass % or less of iron, 0.00001 mass % or more and 0.1 mass % or less of silicon, 0.00001 mass % or more and 0.03 mass % or less of copper, 0.00001 mass % or more and 0.01 mass % or less of zinc, and 0.00001 mass % or more and 0.001 mass % or less of magnesium, based on the aluminum alloy foil taken as 100 mass %.