A Si/Mn ratio of steel material components of a base material is not less than 0.27 nor more than 0.90 in mass ratio, an internal oxide layer having a thickness of not less than 1 μm nor more than 30 μm is provided right below an oxide scale of a steel sheet surface layer portion, and regarding the internal oxide layer, an internal oxide in a crystal grain of the internal oxide layer is an oxide containing Si and having a thickness of not less than 10 nm nor more than 200 nm in a crystal grain in a range of greater than 0% and 30% or less of a thickness of the internal oxide layer from an interface between the internal oxide layer and base iron toward a direction of the surface layer oxide scale, one or more branches of the internal oxide exist in a cross section of 1 μm×1 μm square, and in any crystal grain boundary having a length of 1 μm, one or more of the internal oxides in the crystal grain are connected to an internal oxide of the crystal grain boundary to form a net-like structure.

A Si/Mn ratio of steel material components of a base material is not less than 0.27 nor more than 0.90 in mass ratio, an internal oxide layer having a thickness of not less than 1 μm nor more than 30 μm is provided right below an oxide scale of a steel sheet surface layer portion, and regarding the internal oxide layer, an internal oxide in a crystal grain of the internal oxide layer is an oxide containing Si and having a thickness of not less than 10 nm nor more than 200 nm in a crystal grain in a range of greater than 0% and 30% or less of a thickness of the internal oxide layer from an interface between the internal oxide layer and base iron toward a direction of the surface layer oxide scale, one or more branches of the internal oxide exist in a cross section of 1 μm×1 μm square, and in any crystal grain boundary having a length of 1 μm, one or more of the internal oxides in the crystal grain are connected to an internal oxide of the crystal grain boundary to form a net-like structure.

Disclosed are alloys for anodized-quality aluminum sheets with improved surface quality, and methods for making these sheets. The alloys are designed to minimize the formation of cathodic intermetallic particles that result in surface streaks of anodized sheet products formed from the alloys. Further, the alloys allow the incorporation of recycled scrap aluminum in anodized-quality sheets.

Disclosed are alloys for anodized-quality aluminum sheets with improved surface quality, and methods for making these sheets. The alloys are designed to minimize the formation of cathodic intermetallic particles that result in surface streaks of anodized sheet products formed from the alloys. Further, the alloys allow the incorporation of recycled scrap aluminum in anodized-quality sheets.

A method of manufacturing a metal mask includes calendering a metal material, so as to form a metal mask substrate, where the metal mask substrate includes a surface and a plurality of grooves formed in the surface, and the grooves all extend in a direction. The surface has at least one sampling region, while at least two grooves are distributed in the sampling region, where an average area ratio of the area of the grooves within the sampling region to the area of the sampling region ranges between 45% and 68%.

Provided is a method for rolling a strip with a roll stand with at least two work rolls. A rolling gap with a pass line is defined between the work rolls. A control roll is arranged before the rolling gap of the work rolls in the rolling direction, the strip is guided into the rolling gap of the roll stand via the control roll at an entry angle relative to the pass line and the surface structure of the strip is controlled through the selection of the entry angle depending on the positioning of the control roll relative to the pass line. Also provided is an apparatus for rolling a strip with a roll stand having at least two work rolls. A rolling gap with a pass line is defined between the work rolls.

This application discloses cold rolled surfaces having a dulled gloss finish. The finish has a fairly uniform glossiness with a slightly matted appearance and with minimal directionality. The surfaces are prepared from work rolls having an Ra value of from 0.2 to 0.4 μm and an Rz value of less than 3.0 μm. Methods of preparing the surfaces are also described herein.

A method for producing a thickness-profiled metal strip in which at least one opening is produced in the metal strip and in a subsequent step, the metal strip is longitudinally rolled with at least one roller that penetrates into the metal strip in some regions across its strip width and thus a thickness profiling at least in the width direction of the metal strip is produced. In order to improve the reproducibility of the method, what is proposed is that at least one hole passing through the metal strip is produced as an opening in the metal strip, over which hole the roller that penetrates into the metal strip longitudinally rolls in order to produce the thickness profiling in the width direction of the metal strip.

A method for producing a thickness-profiled metal strip in which at least one opening is produced in the metal strip and in a subsequent step, the metal strip is longitudinally rolled with at least one roller that penetrates into the metal strip in some regions across its strip width and thus a thickness profiling at least in the width direction of the metal strip is produced. In order to improve the reproducibility of the method, what is proposed is that at least one hole passing through the metal strip is produced as an opening in the metal strip, over which hole the roller that penetrates into the metal strip longitudinally rolls in order to produce the thickness profiling in the width direction of the metal strip.

Provided is a titanium casting product made of titanium alloy, the titanium casting product being produced by electron-beam remelting or plasma arc remelting, comprising: a melted and resolidified layer in a range of 1 mm or more in depth at a surface serving as a surface to be rolled, the melted and resolidified layer being obtained by adding one or more kinds of β stabilizer elements to the surface and melting and resolidifying the surface. An average value of β stabilizer element concentration in a range of within 1 mm in depth is higher than β stabilizer element concentration in a base material by, in mass %, equal to or more than 0.08 mass % and equal to or less than 1.50 mass %. As the material containing the β stabilizer element, powder, a chip, wire, or foil is used. As means for melting a surface layer, electron-beam heating and plasma arc heating are used.