A production specification determination method, a production method, and a production specification determination apparatus that can increase robustness against disturbances during production of a metal material are provided. Included are the steps of acquiring at least one piece of performance data established after a predetermined process during production of a metal material, performing back analysis based on the at least one piece of performance data and a prediction model that relates production specifications and material characteristics, and searching for production specifications for after the predetermined process such that an estimated value for the material characteristics asymptotically approaches a desired value.

The invention relates to a surface-hardened, rotationally symmetrical workpiece, to a hardening method and to a hardening apparatus. The proposed hardening apparatus comprises a machine frame on which two coaxially arranged rotary bearings designed to support a rotationally symmetrical workpiece are arranged, at least one rotary bearing being operatively connected to a drive device to generate rotation of the workpiece; and at lease one laser apparatus for generating focused, high-energy radiation is arranged on said rotary bearing, said laser apparatus being movable in the axial direction, and the radiation being directed toward the workpiece.

The invention relates to a surface-hardened, rotationally symmetrical workpiece, to a hardening method and to a hardening apparatus. The proposed hardening apparatus comprises a machine frame on which two coaxially arranged rotary bearings designed to support a rotationally symmetrical workpiece are arranged, at least one rotary bearing being operatively connected to a drive device to generate rotation of the workpiece; and at lease one laser apparatus for generating focused, high-energy radiation is arranged on said rotary bearing, said laser apparatus being movable in the axial direction, and the radiation being directed toward the workpiece.

The invention relates to a method for producing a patterned stainless steel sheet with modified visual characteristics in the wavelength area of visible light the deformed stainless steel having a thickness of 0.3-3.5 mm. In the method the deformed stainless steel sheet is pretreated by at least one heat treatment step and at least one mechanical treatment step on at least one surface of the heat treated stainless steel sheet. The pretreated stainless steel sheet is further transferred to a patterning process, and at least one heat treatment step is carried out on the patterned stainless steel sheet surface.

The invention relates to a method for producing a patterned stainless steel sheet with modified visual characteristics in the wavelength area of visible light the deformed stainless steel having a thickness of 0.3-3.5 mm. In the method the deformed stainless steel sheet is pretreated by at least one heat treatment step and at least one mechanical treatment step on at least one surface of the heat treated stainless steel sheet. The pretreated stainless steel sheet is further transferred to a patterning process, and at least one heat treatment step is carried out on the patterned stainless steel sheet surface.

The present disclosure relates to a CHQ wire rod that has improved resistance to hydrogen delayed fracture while securing cold forging characteristics by reducing Si content and adding Mo and V, a processed product using the same, and a manufacturing method thereof. In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a CHQ wire rod includes, in percent (%) by weight of the entire composition, C: 0.3 to 0.5%, Si: 0.1 to 0.3%, Mn: 0.5 to 1.0%, at least two or more of Cr: 0.5 to 1.5%, Mo: 0.5 to 1.5%, V: 0.01 to 0.2%, the remainder of iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurities, and the value of the following formula (1) is 3.56 or more.

The present disclosure relates to a CHQ wire rod that has improved resistance to hydrogen delayed fracture while securing cold forging characteristics by reducing Si content and adding Mo and V, a processed product using the same, and a manufacturing method thereof. In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a CHQ wire rod includes, in percent (%) by weight of the entire composition, C: 0.3 to 0.5%, Si: 0.1 to 0.3%, Mn: 0.5 to 1.0%, at least two or more of Cr: 0.5 to 1.5%, Mo: 0.5 to 1.5%, V: 0.01 to 0.2%, the remainder of iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurities, and the value of the following formula (1) is 3.56 or more.

A rolled metal sheet includes an obverse surface and a reverse surface that is a surface located opposite to the obverse surface. At least either one of the obverse surface and the reverse surface is a processing object. A method for manufacturing a metal mask substrate includes reducing a thickness of the rolled metal sheet to 10 μm or less by etching the processing object by 3 μm or more by use of an acidic etching liquid, and roughening the processing object so that the processing object becomes a resist formation surface that has a surface roughness Rz of 0.2 μm or more, thereby obtaining a metal mask sheet.

A rolled metal sheet includes an obverse surface and a reverse surface that is a surface located opposite to the obverse surface. At least either one of the obverse surface and the reverse surface is a processing object. A method for manufacturing a metal mask substrate includes reducing a thickness of the rolled metal sheet to 10 μm or less by etching the processing object by 3 μm or more by use of an acidic etching liquid, and roughening the processing object so that the processing object becomes a resist formation surface that has a surface roughness Rz of 0.2 μm or more, thereby obtaining a metal mask sheet.

Provided is a metal material capable of optimizing a response of a fermentative microorganism, a method of controlling a response of a fermentative microorganism, and a method of producing a fermented food product. A metal material includes a crystal grain having an average crystal grain size for controlling a response of a fermentative microorganism. The average crystal grain size of the crystal grain is preferably 100 nm or more and 10 μm or less. The metal material is preferably stainless steel. It is preferable that the response of the fermentative microorganism is adsorption or growth of the fermentative microorganism on the metal material.