A heated roll with a circular cylindrical casing tube 1 made from thermally conductive metal, which is closed at its end faces with caps 2, 3. One or more electric heating mats 8 are arranged inside the casing tube 1. By at least one connection pin 5, which is arranged at one cap 2, connection cables 11 are guided for supplying the heating mats 8 with electric power. Annular brushing bodies 7 are fastened at the connection pin 5 and serve for the electric contacting of the connection cables 11. A tensioning device 9, 14, 15 is arranged inside the casing tube 1, which presses the heating mats 8 permanently against the interior surface of the casing tube 1.

There is provided a manufacturing method of martensite-based stainless steel for edged tools, which can decrease the number of passes during final cold rolling thereby to improve productivity. In the manufacturing method of martensite-based stainless steel for edged tools having a thickness of 0.1 mm or less by cold rolling, the final cold rolling is performed under condition of a diameter of a work roll of 100 to 130 mm, a cold rolling speed of more than 120 and not more than 200 m/min, and a lubricating oil viscosity of 30 to 40 mm.sup.2/s. Preferably, the cold rolling speed is 150 to 190 m/min, and the lubricating oil viscosity is 33 to 39 mm.sup.2/s.

There is provided a manufacturing method of martensite-based stainless steel for edged tools, which can decrease the number of passes during final cold rolling thereby to improve productivity. In the manufacturing method of martensite-based stainless steel for edged tools having a thickness of 0.1 mm or less by cold rolling, the final cold rolling is performed under condition of a diameter of a work roll of 100 to 130 mm, a cold rolling speed of more than 120 and not more than 200 m/min, and a lubricating oil viscosity of 30 to 40 mm.sup.2/s. Preferably, the cold rolling speed is 150 to 190 m/min, and the lubricating oil viscosity is 33 to 39 mm.sup.2/s.

A method of processing BMGs in a non-ideal environment (such as air) to create a uniform and smooth surface is provided. By utilizing the contact-line movement and an engineered flow pattern during TPF the method is able to create complex BMG parts that exhibit uniform smooth appearance or even can be atomically smooth. In addition, to mending surface imperfections, this method also eliminates void formation inside the material, allows for the creation of precise patterns of homogeneous appearance, and forms improved mechanical locks between different materials and a BMG.

A method of processing BMGs in a non-ideal environment (such as air) to create a uniform and smooth surface is provided. By utilizing the contact-line movement and an engineered flow pattern during TPF the method is able to create complex BMG parts that exhibit uniform smooth appearance or even can be atomically smooth. In addition, to mending surface imperfections, this method also eliminates void formation inside the material, allows for the creation of precise patterns of homogeneous appearance, and forms improved mechanical locks between different materials and a BMG.

An electrically-assisted tooth-shaped rolling process and device for preparing a gradient ultrafine-grained sheet is provided. A rib-forming pressure roller, a rib-flatting pressure roller and a straightening pressure roller are adopted to sequentially roll relative to a surface of a sheet under a preset pressing force. The surface of the sheet is driven, under a rib forming process, to generate large deformation in micro-area to crush and refine grains, and under a rib flatting process to generate reverse large deformation in micro-area. Large deformation areas in the rib forming process and the rib flatting process are staggered to further crush and refine the grains. A cold straightening process drives the sheet to be restored to an original shape, so that the sheet becomes the gradient ultrafine-grained sheet with a decreasing grain size gradient from an interior to a surface layer.

An electrically-assisted tooth-shaped rolling process and device for preparing a gradient ultrafine-grained sheet is provided. A rib-forming pressure roller, a rib-flatting pressure roller and a straightening pressure roller are adopted to sequentially roll relative to a surface of a sheet under a preset pressing force. The surface of the sheet is driven, under a rib forming process, to generate large deformation in micro-area to crush and refine grains, and under a rib flatting process to generate reverse large deformation in micro-area. Large deformation areas in the rib forming process and the rib flatting process are staggered to further crush and refine the grains. A cold straightening process drives the sheet to be restored to an original shape, so that the sheet becomes the gradient ultrafine-grained sheet with a decreasing grain size gradient from an interior to a surface layer.

A process and apparatus of producing a product having a wrought structure. The process comprises the step of: applying heat and a compressive load simultaneously to an application area of a cold spray deposition preform to transform the comprising consolidated particle structure into a wrought structure, the compressive load being applied laterally to the application area. The application of compressive load and heat to the application area raises the temperature of the material of the preform in the application area to between the recrystallisation temperature and the melting point of the material.

A process and apparatus of producing a product having a wrought structure. The process comprises the step of: applying heat and a compressive load simultaneously to an application area of a cold spray deposition preform to transform the comprising consolidated particle structure into a wrought structure, the compressive load being applied laterally to the application area. The application of compressive load and heat to the application area raises the temperature of the material of the preform in the application area to between the recrystallisation temperature and the melting point of the material.