A metal band is first rolled in a front and then in a rear (downstream) roll stand of a multi-stand rolling train. A looper between the roll stands may detect a band tension in the metal band. The band tension is supplied to a first and a second tension controller to determine an application additional target value and a speed additional target value. The second tension controller may only determine a value less than or greater than 0, as the speed additional target value, if the band tension is above or below an upper or lower band tension limit. Otherwise, the speed additional target value may be 0. The first tension controller is also supplied with a target tension that falls between the band tension limits. The application additional target value may be used to act on the rear roll stand.

A straightening device for straightening cables includes two rows of rollers, an adjusting device for manually adjusting a distance between the rows of rollers, a measuring device for recording the distance between the rows of rollers, and an indicator device with which deviations of the actual value of the distance between the rows of rollers, determined by the measuring device, from a nominal value is visually indicated. The indicator device has two optical error indicating elements for indicating too high and/or too low an actual value compared with the nominal value of the distance, as well as an optical correct indicating element for indicating that the actual value of the distance corresponds with the nominal value.

A straightening device for straightening cables includes two rows of rollers, an adjusting device for manually adjusting a distance between the rows of rollers, a measuring device for recording the distance between the rows of rollers, and an indicator device with which deviations of the actual value of the distance between the rows of rollers, determined by the measuring device, from a nominal value is visually indicated. The indicator device has two optical error indicating elements for indicating too high and/or too low an actual value compared with the nominal value of the distance, as well as an optical correct indicating element for indicating that the actual value of the distance corresponds with the nominal value.

In a decision control device of a control system, a predetermined pass schedule is decided by adjusting the rolling force per unit width at a last stand of a hot finishing tandem rolling mill to cause the edge profile on the outlet side of the last stand to fall within an allowable range based on the relationship between a strip crown and the edge profile on the outlet side of the last stand with respect to the rolling force per unit width and a strip shape control parameter, obtained regarding the last stand, and adjusting the strip shape control parameter of the last stand to cause the strip shape on the outlet side of the last stand to fall within an allowable range and cause the strip crown to become a predetermined value or smaller.

A model (8) is based on mathematical-physical equations. The model models the production of a particular output product (1) from at least one input product (2) supplied in each case to an installation in the raw materials industry on the basis of operation (B) of the installation. During production of the output products (1), the installation is controlled by a control device (5) in such a manner that particular actual operation (B) of the installation corresponds as far as possible to particular desired operation (B*) of the installation. The desired operation (B*) is determined by the control device (5) using the model (8) of the installation. The model (8) is parameterized according to a number of first model parameters (P1) for the purpose of modelling the installation. After a multiplicity of output products (1) have been produced in each case, actual sizes (A) of the output products (1) in the particular multiplicity are compared with expected sizes (A) of the output products (1) in the particular multiplicity. On the basis of the comparison, the first model parameters (P1) are newly determined and the model (8) in the control device (5) is newly parameterized according to the new values of the first model parameters (P1). After this time, the desired operation (B*) is determined by the control device (5) using the newly parameterized model (8) of the installation in the raw materials industry. The expected sizes (A) are determined by means of the model (8), wherein the determination of the expected sizes (A) is based on the actual operation (B) of the installation.

A model (8) is based on mathematical-physical equations. The model models the production of a particular output product (1) from at least one input product (2) supplied in each case to an installation in the raw materials industry on the basis of operation (B) of the installation. During production of the output products (1), the installation is controlled by a control device (5) in such a manner that particular actual operation (B) of the installation corresponds as far as possible to particular desired operation (B*) of the installation. The desired operation (B*) is determined by the control device (5) using the model (8) of the installation. The model (8) is parameterized according to a number of first model parameters (P1) for the purpose of modelling the installation. After a multiplicity of output products (1) have been produced in each case, actual sizes (A) of the output products (1) in the particular multiplicity are compared with expected sizes (A) of the output products (1) in the particular multiplicity. On the basis of the comparison, the first model parameters (P1) are newly determined and the model (8) in the control device (5) is newly parameterized according to the new values of the first model parameters (P1). After this time, the desired operation (B*) is determined by the control device (5) using the newly parameterized model (8) of the installation in the raw materials industry. The expected sizes (A) are determined by means of the model (8), wherein the determination of the expected sizes (A) is based on the actual operation (B) of the installation.

A method for producing a conductor segment includes: passing a copper bar in a predetermined direction of movement through a rotating first work roll and a second work roll rotating in the opposite direction to the first work roll; rotating a first backup roll in the opposite direction to the first work roll to brace the first work roll against the copper bar with an adjustable first force directed perpendicularly to the direction of movement; rotating at least one second backup roll in the opposite direction to the second work roll to brace the second work roll against the copper bar with an adjustable second force directed counter to the first force; and adjusting the first and second forces such that the work rolls give the conductor bar a thickness that varies along its length. Also described is a corresponding device and a corresponding method for producing an electric machine.

A method for producing a conductor segment includes: passing a copper bar in a predetermined direction of movement through a rotating first work roll and a second work roll rotating in the opposite direction to the first work roll; rotating a first backup roll in the opposite direction to the first work roll to brace the first work roll against the copper bar with an adjustable first force directed perpendicularly to the direction of movement; rotating at least one second backup roll in the opposite direction to the second work roll to brace the second work roll against the copper bar with an adjustable second force directed counter to the first force; and adjusting the first and second forces such that the work rolls give the conductor bar a thickness that varies along its length. Also described is a corresponding device and a corresponding method for producing an electric machine.

The present invention provides a method for identifying an inter-roll cross angle in a rolling mill of four-high or more including at least a pair of work rolls and a pair of backup rolls by, when rolling is not performed, applying a roll bending force to apply a load between rolls of an upper roll assembly including the work roll on the upper side and between rolls of a lower roll assembly including the work roll on the lower side, in a state where a roll gap between the work rolls is put into an open state, detecting vertical roll loads that act in the vertical direction on the rolling support positions on the working side and the driving side of at least one of the backup roll on the upper side or the backup roll on the lower side, and calculating a load difference between the vertical roll loads on the working side and the driving side.

The present invention provides a method for identifying an inter-roll cross angle in a rolling mill of four-high or more including at least a pair of work rolls and a pair of backup rolls by, when rolling is not performed, applying a roll bending force to apply a load between rolls of an upper roll assembly including the work roll on the upper side and between rolls of a lower roll assembly including the work roll on the lower side, in a state where a roll gap between the work rolls is put into an open state, detecting vertical roll loads that act in the vertical direction on the rolling support positions on the working side and the driving side of at least one of the backup roll on the upper side or the backup roll on the lower side, and calculating a load difference between the vertical roll loads on the working side and the driving side.