Systems and methods of applying a texture on a substrate include applying a texture to the substrate with a work stand of a coil-to-coil process. The work stand includes an upper work roll and a lower work roll vertically aligned with the upper work roll. At least one of the upper work roll and the lower work roll includes the texture. Applying the texture includes applying, by the upper work roll and a lower work roll, a work roll pressure on an upper surface and a lower surface of the substrate. The method further includes adjusting a contact pressure parameter of the work stand such that the work stand provides a desired contact pressure distribution across the width of the substrate and a desired thickness profile of the edges of the substrate while an overall thickness of the substrate remains substantially constant.

The invention relates to sheet steel, more particularly a coated sheet steel, which is skin-pass rolled with a deterministic surface structure, and to a method for producing this steel.

A method for producing a flat steel product with high reflectivity, in which at least one surface has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of less than 0.03 μm includes providing a flat steel product, at least one surface of which has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of less than 2.5 μm. The flat steel product is cold rolled in a plurality of rolling passes. Also a flat steel product with high reflectivity in the finished re-rolled state on at least one of its surface has a low arithmetic mean roughness, a high gloss, and a high directed reflection. A solar concentrator is produced from such a flat steel product.

A hot-rolled steel sheet according to the present invention has a predetermined chemical composition, in which, when a height profile of a surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet is measured in each of five measurement ranges in a rolling direction and a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction, a distance in a height direction from an average height position which is an average of a height position of a point having a highest height position and a height position of a recessed part which is a point having a lowest height position to the recessed part is indicated as R.sub.1 (μm) in each of the height profiles, and an average of heights of two measurement points away from the recessed part in the rolling direction or the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction by 5 μm is indicated as R.sub.2 (μm), an average value of radii of curvature r represented by Expression (1) is 10 μm or more, and a tensile strength of the hot-rolled steel sheet is 500 MPa or more. r=(25+|R.sub.2−R.sub.1|.sup.2)/2|R.sub.2−R.sub.1| . . . (1)

Provided is a rolled copper foil for a lithium ion battery current collector, which has good adhesion to a negative electrode active material, generates less metal powder during ultrasonic welding, and has a rust prevention property. In the rolled copper foil for a lithium ion battery current collector, a surface of the copper foil has a BTA film, the BTA film has a thickness of 0.6 nm or more and 4.6 nm or less, and the rolled copper foil satisfies the following relationships: 40≤wet tension [mN]/m]+thickness of BTA film [nm]×10≤80; 0.01≤arithmetic average roughness Ra [μm]≤0.25; and wet tension [mN/m]≥35.

A substrate (e.g., metal or non-metal sheet) can have multiple textures on a surface of the substrate. The various textures can be impressed or applied on the surface of the substrate by passing the substrate between multiple pairs of work rolls that each include at least one textured work roll for transferring a texture of the work roll onto the surface of the substrate. The pairs of work rolls apply the various textures on the surface of the substrate while maintaining a thickness of the substrate (e.g., with substantially no reduction in a thickness of the substrate). A single pass of the substrate between the pairs of work rolls can allow various different textures, patterns, or features to be applied to the surface of the substrate while the thickness of the substrate remains substantially constant.

A metal substrate provided with surface textures wherein different texture patterns are provided over predefined surface areas of the metal substrate and wherein the different texture patterns are tailored to predefined surface properties of a product which is to be made out of the metal substrate as well as to a method for applying such surface textures on the metal substrate.

An apparatus and method for applying an EDT texture to an aluminum sheet has a rolling stand with at least one EDT surfaced roll capable of rolling the sheet at reductions <1%. The rolling is conducted with residual or no lubrication and imparts a texture on the scale of about 1 μm to the surface of the sheet at low roll force.

A roll stand (1) having at least one pair of rollers (4, 5) between which a flat rolled product (2) is located. The rollers (4, 5) can be moved axially in opposite directions. The roll stand (1) has a bending system (6) for the rollers (4, 5). A controller (8) of the roll stand (1) uses the bending and the axial movement of the rollers (4, 5) in order to regulate the roll gap contour as an adjustment mechanism. Prior to rolling a respective rolled product (2), the controller determines a respective axial position (x) as the resulting axial position (x) and sets the axial position as the axial position (x) of the rollers (4, 5) for the roll stand (1) in order to roll the next flat rolled product (2). For this purpose, the controller (8) ascertains how far a specified target roll gap contour can be approximated for a plurality of axial positions (x) of the rollers (4, 5) by actuating the adjustment mechanism (6, 7) while taking into consideration technological boundary conditions and classifies the axial positions (x) at which a deviation of the resulting roll gap contour from the target roll gap contour lies below a specified limit as being permissible. The controller then removes the axial positions (x) excluded from the plurality of axial positions (x) classified as being permissible as long as at least one axial position (x) classified as being permissible still remains after the excluded axial positions (x) are removed. The controller (8) determines one of the remaining axial positions (x) as the resulting axial position (x).

The invention relates to a sheet metal plate (10) for creating flooring (30), in particular for industrial vehicles, having on its upper surface (11) a plurality or raised patterns, each raised pattern comprising one or more protruding portions (20), the raised patterns being arranged periodically, discreetly and in orderly fashion, the height h of the raised patterns being between 0.3 and 3 mm, characterized in that the plate has, on its lower surface (12), which is intended to be bonded to a support member, a rough surface the roughness Rmax of which is between 10 m and 250 m. The invention also relates to the method of producing said plate and the use of said sheet metal plate for creating flooring for industrial vehicles, preferably flooring for refrigerated vehicles.