Discussed is an aluminum foil for ultraviolet light reflecting materials, wherein a ratio of a total surface area of aluminum particles pressed into or adhering to a region having a predetermined surface area to the surface area of the region is less than or equal to 0.05%, the total surface area of crystallized products present in the region having a predetermined surface area is less than or equal to 2% with respect to the surface area of the region, an average surface area per crystallized product is less than or equal to 2 ?m.sup.2, and arithmetic surface roughness Ra of the region is less than 20 nm.

A ratio of a total surface area of aluminum particles pressed into or adhering to a region having a predetermined surface area to the surface area of the region is less than or equal to 0.05%. The total surface area of crystallized products present in the region is less than or equal to 2% with respect to the surface area of the region. An average surface area per crystallized product is less than or equal to 2 ?m.sup.2. Surface roughness Ra of the region is less than 20 nm.

A substrate (e.g., metal or non-metal sheet) can have multiple textures on a surface of the substrate. The various textures can be impressed or applied on the surface of the substrate by passing the substrate between multiple pairs of work rolls that each include at least one textured work roll for transferring a texture of the work roll onto the surface of the substrate. The pairs of work rolls apply the various textures on the surface of the substrate while maintaining a thickness of the substrate (e.g., with substantially no reduction in a thickness of the substrate). A single pass of the substrate between the pairs of work rolls can allow various different textures, patterns, or features to be applied to the surface of the substrate while the thickness of the substrate remains substantially constant.

Systems and methods of applying a texture on a substrate include applying a texture to the substrate with a work stand of a coil-to-coil process. The work stand includes an upper work roll and a lower work roll vertically aligned with the upper work roll. At least one of the upper work roll and the lower work roll includes the texture. Applying the texture includes applying, by the upper work roll and a lower work roll, a work roll pressure on an upper surface and a lower surface of the substrate. The method further includes adjusting a contact pressure parameter of the work stand such that the work stand provides a desired contact pressure distribution across the width of the substrate and a desired thickness profile of the edges of the substrate while an overall thickness of the substrate remains substantially constant.

A flatness control system includes a work stand of a finishing line, a plurality of actuators, a flatness measuring device, and a controller. The work stand includes a pair of vertically aligned work rolls. A first work roll of the pair of work rolls includes a plurality of flatness control zones configured to apply a localized pressure to a corresponding region on a substrate. Each actuator corresponds with a one of the plurality of flatness control zones. The flatness measuring device is configured to measure an actual flatness profile of the substrate. The controller is configured to adjust the plurality of actuators such that the localized pressures modify the actual flatness profile to achieve the desired flatness profile at the exit of the stand. The thickness and a length of the substrate remain substantially constant when the substrate exits the work stand.

An aluminum foil includes a first main surface and a second main surface located opposite to the first main surface. In at least one of the first main surface and the second main surface, a surface roughness Ra is not more than 10 nm, a surface roughness Rz is not more than 40 nm in each of a rolling direction and a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction, and the number of peak counts is not less than 10 when a reference length is 40 m, the number of peak counts being determined from a roughness curve in at least one of the rolling direction and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a plated steel sheet having excellent surface qualities and press formability. The method includes: manufacturing a plated steel sheet by plating a base steel sheet; and performing a skin pass rolling process on the plated steel sheet by inserting the plated steel sheet into a skin pass mill. The skin pass rolling process is performed using rolls having roughness skewness Rsk within a range of 0.15 or less.

An aluminum foil includes a first main surface and a second main surface located opposite to the first main surface. In at least one of the first main surface and the second main surface, a surface roughness Ra is not more than 10 nm, a surface roughness Rz is not more than 40 nm in each of a rolling direction and a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction, and the number of peak counts is not less than 10 when a reference length is 40 m, the number of peak counts being determined from a roughness curve in at least one of the rolling direction and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.

The invention relates to a steel sheet skin-pass rolled with a deterministic surface structure, and to a method for producing it.

A method for producing a FeCr alloy comprises: rolling a slab having a chemical composition containing, by mass %, C: 0.020% or less, Si: 0.01% to 1.5%, Mn: 1.0% or less, P: 0.040% or less, S: 0.010% or less, Cr: 16.0% to 30.0%, Al: 2.0% to 6.5%, N: 0.020% or less, and Ni: 0.50% or less, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities to obtain a sheet material; subjecting the sheet material to siliconizing treatment by a thermal CVD method to obtain a FeCr alloy having a Si content of more than 1.5 mass % and 10.0 mass % or less and satisfying:
14.0%?Si+1.15?% Al+0.35?% Cr(1)
where % Si, % Al, and % Cr indicate Si, Al, and Cr contents, by mass %, respectively in the chemical composition of the FeCr alloy.