A strengthening structure of a vehicle is provided herein and includes a base having cutouts. Relief members are disposed across the base and each include a cross section having twelve or fourteen corners, a distal end, and an open proximal end in communication with a corresponding cutout.

A strengthening structure of a vehicle is provided herein and includes a base having cutouts. Relief members are disposed across the base and each include a cross section having twelve or fourteen corners, a distal end, and an open proximal end in communication with a corresponding cutout.

A strengthening structure of a vehicle is provided herein and includes a base having cutouts. Relief members are disposed across the base and each include a cross section having twelve or fourteen corners, a distal end, and an open proximal end in communication with a corresponding cutout.

A strengthening structure of a vehicle is provided herein and includes a base having cutouts. Relief members are disposed across the base and each include a cross section having twelve or fourteen corners, a distal end, and an open proximal end in communication with a corresponding cutout.

Systems, methods, and apparatus to preheat welding wire for low hydrogen welding are disclosed. An example apparatus to reduce hydrogen associated with a consumable welding electrode includes: a welding-type power source configured to provide welding-type current to a welding-type circuit, the welding-type circuit comprising a welding-type electrode and a first contact tip of a welding torch; an electrode preheating circuit configured to provide preheating current through a first portion of the welding-type electrode between a wire feeder supplying the welding-type electrode and at least one of the first contact tip or a second contact tip of the welding torch.

Systems, methods, and apparatus to heat welding wire for low hydrogen welding are disclosed. An example method includes drawing a supply material through a die to form a wire; and applying electrical current to a portion of the wire to reduce a hydrogen content of the wire.

A multi-walled tube that is useful as an analytical column in which chemical mixtures can be separated into their individual components is described. In order to be acceptable as an analytical column, the inner surface of the multi-walled tube must support effective separation, but not react chemically with or contaminate the solvent or the analyte (sample to be separated). Grade 316 stainless steel is typically preferred for this purpose. Moreover, the inner diameter (ID) surface of the multi-walled column is preferably very smooth (less than 10 micro inch Ra) with no interruptions in the surface such as scratches, pits, or asperities. However, since the column is designed to be attached to chromatographic equipment using standard size connection features, the size of standard fittings define the outer diameter (OD) of the column.

A multi-walled tube that is useful as an analytical column in which chemical mixtures can be separated into their individual components is described. In order to be acceptable as an analytical column, the inner surface of the multi-walled tube must support effective separation, but not react chemically with or contaminate the solvent or the analyte (sample to be separated). Grade 316 stainless steel is typically preferred for this purpose. Moreover, the inner diameter (ID) surface of the multi-walled column is preferably very smooth (less than 10 micro inch Ra) with no interruptions in the surface such as scratches, pits, or asperities. However, since the column is designed to be attached to chromatographic equipment using standard size connection features, the size of standard fittings define the outer diameter (OD) of the column.

Apparatus for drawing and straightening at least a metal wire, comprising a drawing unit of the metal wire along a direction of advance which comprises a first motorized main roll, on part of the periphery of which first idle contrast rolls are disposed, with a smaller diameter than the first main roll. The apparatus also comprises a straightening only unit of the metal wire, independent from the drawing unit, disposed along the direction of advance and upstream of the drawing unit, the straightening only unit comprising a second idle main roll, on part of the periphery of which second idle contrast rolls are disposed, with a diameter smaller than the second main roll.

Apparatus for drawing and straightening at least a metal wire, comprising a drawing unit of the metal wire along a direction of advance which comprises a first motorized main roll, on part of the periphery of which first idle contrast rolls are disposed, with a smaller diameter than the first main roll. The apparatus also comprises a straightening only unit of the metal wire, independent from the drawing unit, disposed along the direction of advance and upstream of the drawing unit, the straightening only unit comprising a second idle main roll, on part of the periphery of which second idle contrast rolls are disposed, with a diameter smaller than the second main roll.