The method for equal channel angular extrusion increases yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of a dissolvable aluminum alloy. A billet of a dissolvable aluminum alloy is wrapped with a sheet cover so as to form a wrapped billet. The wrapped billet is extruded through an equal channel angular extrusion die with an extrusion angle ranging 90-135 degrees so as to form an extruded billet. The step of extruding is at a temperature ranging 150-250 degrees C., an extrusion rate ranging 0.003-0.010 inches per second, and a back pressure ranging 200-10000 psi. The dissolvable aluminum alloy of the extruded billet has a yield strength and ultimate tensile strength 50% greater than the initial yield strength and initial ultimate tensile strength.

The method for equal channel angular extrusion increases yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of a dissolvable aluminum alloy. A billet of a dissolvable aluminum alloy is wrapped with a sheet cover so as to form a wrapped billet. The wrapped billet is extruded through an equal channel angular extrusion die with an extrusion angle ranging 90-135 degrees so as to form an extruded billet. The step of extruding is at a temperature ranging 150-250 degrees C., an extrusion rate ranging 0.003-0.010 inches per second, and a back pressure ranging 200-10000 psi. The dissolvable aluminum alloy of the extruded billet has a yield strength and ultimate tensile strength 50% greater than the initial yield strength and initial ultimate tensile strength.

This application relates to a wrought magnesium alloy and a method of manufacturing the same, and a high-speed extrusion method for manufacturing an extrudate using the same. In one aspect, the magnesium alloy includes 2.0 wt % to 8.0 wt % of bismuth (Bi), 0.5 wt % to 6.5 wt % aluminum (Al), the balance of magnesium (Mg), and inevitable impurities. Using a magnesium alloy for high-speed extrusion according to the present disclosure, it is possible to manufacture a magnesium alloy extrudate having a good surface quality without hot cracking even under high-temperature (extrusion temperature: 300° C. to 450° C.) and high-speed (die-exit speed: 40 m/min to 80 m/min) extrusion conditions. Furthermore, the extrudate manufactured from the magnesium alloy exhibits greatly improved strength and elongation compared to existing magnesium extrudates even when the alloy does not contain a rare-earth metal.

This application relates to a wrought magnesium alloy and a method of manufacturing the same, and a high-speed extrusion method for manufacturing an extrudate using the same. In one aspect, the magnesium alloy includes 2.0 wt % to 8.0 wt % of bismuth (Bi), 0.5 wt % to 6.5 wt % aluminum (Al), the balance of magnesium (Mg), and inevitable impurities. Using a magnesium alloy for high-speed extrusion according to the present disclosure, it is possible to manufacture a magnesium alloy extrudate having a good surface quality without hot cracking even under high-temperature (extrusion temperature: 300° C. to 450° C.) and high-speed (die-exit speed: 40 m/min to 80 m/min) extrusion conditions. Furthermore, the extrudate manufactured from the magnesium alloy exhibits greatly improved strength and elongation compared to existing magnesium extrudates even when the alloy does not contain a rare-earth metal.

A titanium-containing structure made of a titanium material includes: a package made of a commercially pure titanium material; and a filler packed into the package, wherein an internal pressure of the package is 10 Pa or less, the pressure being an absolute pressure, and wherein the filler includes at least one selected from titanium sponge, titanium briquette, and titanium scrap, and the filler has the same type of a chemical composition of the commercially pure titanium material. This titanium-containing structure enables production of a titanium product by performing hot working and eliminating the conventional melting step and forging step.

A titanium-containing structure made of a titanium material includes: a package made of a commercially pure titanium material; and a filler packed into the package, wherein an internal pressure of the package is 10 Pa or less, the pressure being an absolute pressure, and wherein the filler includes at least one selected from titanium sponge, titanium briquette, and titanium scrap, and the filler has the same type of a chemical composition of the commercially pure titanium material. This titanium-containing structure enables production of a titanium product by performing hot working and eliminating the conventional melting step and forging step.

An apparatus for fabricating a three-dimensional object from deposition of layers made of reinforcement material and of extrudable material is described. The apparatus comprises: an extrusion assembly comprising a feeder having a longitudinal hole adapted for conveying the reinforcement material and wherein the feeder is adapted for conveying the extrudable material at least partly outside the longitudinal hole; a reinforcement material driving mechanism for driving the reinforcement material to the extrusion assembly; and a building platform on which is made the deposition of layers of reinforcement material and of extrudable material.

A method for manufacturing a cold-forged, extruded aluminum alloy tube includes the steps of: providing a primary material having a hollow columnar shape and made of an aluminum alloy material, and a first cold extrusion apparatus; processing the primary material to form a preform; subjecting the preform to a homogeneous annealing by heating to a temperature of about 410 C. to 510 C. and then cooling to a temperature of about 160 C. to 200 C.; testing the hardness of the preform; immersing the preform in a tank containing lubricant having a free total acidity concentration of 40 to 50 mg/L at a working temperature of 80 C. to 100 C.; and subjecting the preform to cold extrusion.

A method for manufacturing a cold-forged, extruded aluminum alloy tube includes the steps of: providing a primary material having a hollow columnar shape and made of an aluminum alloy material, and a first cold extrusion apparatus; processing the primary material to form a preform; subjecting the preform to a homogeneous annealing by heating to a temperature of about 410 C. to 510 C. and then cooling to a temperature of about 160 C. to 200 C.; testing the hardness of the preform; immersing the preform in a tank containing lubricant having a free total acidity concentration of 40 to 50 mg/L at a working temperature of 80 C. to 100 C.; and subjecting the preform to cold extrusion.

A technique for optimizing metal extrusion process parameters includes receiving values representing properties of an extrusion press machine, and calculating an estimated surface exit temperature of a metal work product resulting from an extrusion of a metal billet using the extrusion press machine based on the machine property values, an initial temperature of the metal billet prior to the extrusion, an extrusion force applied to the metal billet during the extrusion, and an extrusion speed of the metal work product. The estimated surface exit temperature of the metal work product is compared with a target hot shortness exit temperature of the metal work product. The initial temperature of the metal billet, the extrusion speed, and the extrusion force are changed based on the comparison until the estimated surface exit temperature equals the target hot shortness exit temperature.