Production of a bulk Al-RE alloy body (product) using cast billets/ingots (cooling rates <100 C/s) or rapidly solidified Al-RE particulates (cooling rates 10.sup.2-10.sup.6 C./second) that have beneficial microstructural refinements that are further refined by subsequent consolidation to produce a consolidated bulk alloy product having excellent mechanical properties over a wide temperature range such as up to and above 230 C.

Production of a bulk Al-RE alloy body (product) using cast billets/ingots (cooling rates <100 C/s) or rapidly solidified Al-RE particulates (cooling rates 10.sup.2-10.sup.6 C./second) that have beneficial microstructural refinements that are further refined by subsequent consolidation to produce a consolidated bulk alloy product having excellent mechanical properties over a wide temperature range such as up to and above 230 C.

A technique for optimizing metal extrusion process parameters includes receiving values representing properties of an extrusion press machine, and calculating an estimated surface exit temperature of a metal work product resulting from an extrusion of a metal billet using the extrusion press machine based on the machine property values, an initial temperature of the metal billet prior to the extrusion, an extrusion force applied to the metal billet during the extrusion, and an extrusion speed of the metal work product. The estimated surface exit temperature of the metal work product is compared with a target hot shortness exit temperature of the metal work product. The initial temperature of the metal billet, the extrusion speed, and the extrusion force are changed based on the comparison until the estimated surface exit temperature equals the target hot shortness exit temperature.

A technique for optimizing metal extrusion process parameters includes receiving values representing properties of an extrusion press machine, and calculating an estimated surface exit temperature of a metal work product resulting from an extrusion of a metal billet using the extrusion press machine based on the machine property values, an initial temperature of the metal billet prior to the extrusion, an extrusion force applied to the metal billet during the extrusion, and an extrusion speed of the metal work product. The estimated surface exit temperature of the metal work product is compared with a target hot shortness exit temperature of the metal work product. The initial temperature of the metal billet, the extrusion speed, and the extrusion force are changed based on the comparison until the estimated surface exit temperature equals the target hot shortness exit temperature.

Production of a bulk Al-RE alloy body (product) using cast billets/ingots (cooling rates<100 C/s) or rapidly solidified Al-RE particulates (cooling rates 10.sup.2-10.sup.6 C./second) that have beneficial microstructural refinements that are further refined by subsequent consolidation to produce a consolidated bulk alloy product having excellent mechanical properties over a wide temperature range such as up to and above 230 C.

Production of a bulk Al-RE alloy body (product) using cast billets/ingots (cooling rates<100 C/s) or rapidly solidified Al-RE particulates (cooling rates 10.sup.2-10.sup.6 C./second) that have beneficial microstructural refinements that are further refined by subsequent consolidation to produce a consolidated bulk alloy product having excellent mechanical properties over a wide temperature range such as up to and above 230 C.

An extrusion press machine includes an end platen, a die, a container, container cylinders which move the container back and forth, a stem that pushes a billet in the container, and a main cylinder at the front end of the stem is provided and by which the stem can freely slide front and back, the extrusion press machine further including a plurality of hydraulic valves that supply hydraulic oil in the main cylinder to the container cylinders and which operate before the stem and the container retract in movement when discharging compressed air in the container after upset of the billet and further including a hydraulic valve that discharges hydraulic oil in the main cylinder into a tank, the hydraulic valves connected by a hydraulic pipeline, and the main cylinder and the container cylinders being able to be connected.

An extrusion press machine includes an end platen, a die, a container, container cylinders which move the container back and forth, a stem that pushes a billet in the container, and a main cylinder at the front end of the stem is provided and by which the stem can freely slide front and back, the extrusion press machine further including a plurality of hydraulic valves that supply hydraulic oil in the main cylinder to the container cylinders and which operate before the stem and the container retract in movement when discharging compressed air in the container after upset of the billet and further including a hydraulic valve that discharges hydraulic oil in the main cylinder into a tank, the hydraulic valves connected by a hydraulic pipeline, and the main cylinder and the container cylinders being able to be connected.

Plastic zone extrusion may be provided. First, a compressor may generate frictional heat in stock to place the stock in a plastic zone of the stock. Then, a conveyer may receive the stock in its plastic zone from the compressor and transport the stock in its plastic zone from the compressor. Next, a die may receive the stock in its plastic zone from the conveyer and extrude the stock to form a wire.

Plastic zone extrusion may be provided. First, a compressor may generate frictional heat in stock to place the stock in a plastic zone of the stock. Then, a conveyer may receive the stock in its plastic zone from the compressor and transport the stock in its plastic zone from the compressor. Next, a die may receive the stock in its plastic zone from the conveyer and extrude the stock to form a wire.