A metal alloy for use in a wire included in an electrochemical cell is disclosed having an amorphous structure, microcrystalline grains, or grains that are sized less than about one micron. In various embodiments, the microcrystalline grains are not generally longitudinally oriented, are variably oriented, or are randomly oriented. In some embodiments, the microcrystalline grains lack uniform grain size or are variably sized. In some embodiments, the microcrystalline grains have an average grain size of less than or equal to 5 microns. In some embodiments, the metal alloy lacks long-range crystalline order among the microcrystalline grains. In some embodiments, the wire is used in a substrate used in the electrochemical cell. In some embodiments, the metal alloy is formed using a co-extrusion process comprising warming up the metallic alloy and applying pressure and simultaneously passing a core material through a die to obtain a composite structure.

Provided is an efficient preparation method of a bimetallic seamless composite pipe, and belongs to the technical field of steel pipe manufacture. The efficient preparation method of the bimetallic seamless composite pipe includes following steps: sheathing a base pipe blank on a cladding pipe blank to obtain a composite pipe blank, and carrying out a stress relief annealing treatment on the composite pipe blank, where the base pipe blank and the cladding pipe blank are made of different materials; heating the composite pipe blank after the stress relief annealing treatment to a hot working window temperature, and sheathing on a core rod of an extrusion cylinder after an insulation treatment, and then extruding along an axial direction of the extrusion cylinder to obtain a bimetallic seamless composite pipe.

Provided is an efficient preparation method of a bimetallic seamless composite pipe, and belongs to the technical field of steel pipe manufacture. The efficient preparation method of the bimetallic seamless composite pipe includes following steps: sheathing a base pipe blank on a cladding pipe blank to obtain a composite pipe blank, and carrying out a stress relief annealing treatment on the composite pipe blank, where the base pipe blank and the cladding pipe blank are made of different materials; heating the composite pipe blank after the stress relief annealing treatment to a hot working window temperature, and sheathing on a core rod of an extrusion cylinder after an insulation treatment, and then extruding along an axial direction of the extrusion cylinder to obtain a bimetallic seamless composite pipe.

A shear assisted extrusion process for producing cladded materials wherein a cladding material and a material to be cladded are placed in sequence with the cladded material positioned to contact a rotating scroll face first and the material to be cladded second. The two materials are fed through a shear assisted extrusion device at a preselected feed rate and impacted by a rotating scroll face to generate a cladded extrusion product. This process allows for increased through wall strength and decreases the brittleness in formed structures as compared to the prior art.

A shear assisted extrusion process for producing cladded materials wherein a cladding material and a material to be cladded are placed in sequence with the cladded material positioned to contact a rotating scroll face first and the material to be cladded second. The two materials are fed through a shear assisted extrusion device at a preselected feed rate and impacted by a rotating scroll face to generate a cladded extrusion product. This process allows for increased through wall strength and decreases the brittleness in formed structures as compared to the prior art.

An extrusion method for forming a length of multimaterial extrudate includes providing a die; providing a container comprising a multimaterial feed material supply; effecting relative movement of the container towards the die so as to bring an axial surface of the die into contact with a rotating engagement surface of the supply of feed material; generating heat at the interface between the axial surface of the die and the rotating engagement surface of the multimaterial feed material supply so as to heat the at least two materials of the multimaterial feed material supply by the application of a contact pressure between the axial surface of the die and the rotating engagement surface of the feed material supply; pressing the heated multimaterial feed material supply through an orifice in the axial surface of the die so as to form a length of multimaterial extrudate in the extrusion channel.

An extrusion method for forming a length of multimaterial extrudate includes providing a die; providing a container comprising a multimaterial feed material supply; effecting relative movement of the container towards the die so as to bring an axial surface of the die into contact with a rotating engagement surface of the supply of feed material; generating heat at the interface between the axial surface of the die and the rotating engagement surface of the multimaterial feed material supply so as to heat the at least two materials of the multimaterial feed material supply by the application of a contact pressure between the axial surface of the die and the rotating engagement surface of the feed material supply; pressing the heated multimaterial feed material supply through an orifice in the axial surface of the die so as to form a length of multimaterial extrudate in the extrusion channel.