Systems and methods of threading a metal substrate on a rolling mill include receiving a coil of the metal substrate. The method also includes uncoiling the metal substrate from the coil while the coil and guiding the metal substrate to a work stand of the rolling mill with a threading system.

Systems and methods of non-contact tensioning of a metal strip during metal processing include passing the metal strip adjacent a magnetic rotor. The magnetic rotor is spaced apart from the metal strip by a first distance. The systems and methods also include tensioning the metal strip through the magnetic rotor by rotating the magnetic rotor. Rotating the magnetic rotor induces a magnetic field into the metal strip such that the metal strip is tensioned in an upstream direction or a downstream direction. In other aspects, rotating the magnetic rotor induces a magnetic field into the metal strip such that a force normal to a surface of the metal strip is applied to the metal strip.

An apparatus for producing metal sheets from extruded profiles of small thickness or of hollow chamber plates of light metal, preferably of magnesium or magnesium alloys, comprises an extruder for producing an extruded profile which is open along a surface line. A separating device is provided for cutting the extruded profile to length corresponding to the length of the metal sheet to be produced, or the hollow chamber plate to be produced. A bending unit is used for deforming the extruded profile into a U-shaped profile. An expansion unit is provided for expanding the U-shaped profile into a flat metal sheet or a hollow chamber plate. A stacking unit is also provided. At least one expansion unit is arranged parallel to the extrusion line and thus the extrusion and expanding processes are decoupled from one another.

Systems and methods of non-contact tensioning of a metal strip during metal processing include passing the metal strip adjacent a magnetic rotor. The magnetic rotor is spaced apart from the metal strip by a first distance. The systems and methods also include tensioning the metal strip through the magnetic rotor by rotating the magnetic rotor. Rotating the magnetic rotor induces a magnetic field into the metal strip such that the metal strip is tensioned in an upstream direction or a downstream direction. In other aspects, rotating the magnetic rotor induces a magnetic field into the metal strip such that a force normal to a surface of the metal strip is applied to the metal strip.

A metallic extruded profile has two parallel skins interconnected by a set of at least two webs running between extrusion edges of the profile and snap-fit features on joining edges permitting two instances of the profile to snap fit together along the joining edges, where a first web that is closest to snap-fit features of a first joining edge, is a curved web viewed from the extrusion edges. The curvature allows for both the curved web and skins to participate in snap-fit deformation, allowing for the deformation to be distributed over a large area, for a stiffer snap fit, and reduced plastic deformation.

A metallic extruded profile has two parallel skins interconnected by a set of at least two webs running between extrusion edges of the profile and snap-fit features on joining edges permitting two instances of the profile to snap fit together along the joining edges, where a first web that is closest to snap-fit features of a first joining edge, is a curved web viewed from the extrusion edges. The curvature allows for both the curved web and skins to participate in snap-fit deformation, allowing for the deformation to be distributed over a large area, for a stiffer snap fit, and reduced plastic deformation.

A compact heat treatment line can include a short heating zone capable of rapidly bringing a metal strip to a suitable solutionizing temperature through the use of magnetic rotors, such as permanent magnet magnetic rotors. A fast and efficient soaking zone can be achieved as well, such as through the use of magnetic rotors to levitate the metal strip within a gas-filled chamber. Magnetic rotors can further levitate the metal strip through a quenching zone, and can optionally reheat the metal strip prior to final coiling. Magnetic rotors used to heat and/or levitate the metal strip can also provide tension control, can facilitate initial threading of the metal strip, and can cure coatings and/or promote uniformity of coatings/lubricants applied to the metal strip without overheating. Such a heat treatment line can provide continuous annealing and solution heat treating in a much more compacted space than traditional processing lines.

A non-contact heating apparatus uses a series of rotating magnets to heat, levitate, and/or move metal articles therethrough. A first series of rotating magnets heats the metal article to a desired temperature. A second series of rotating magnets levitates the metal article within the heating apparatus and maintains desired tension in the metal article, including urging the metal article through the heating apparatus. The heating apparatus can extend sufficiently far to soak the metal article at the desired temperature for a desired duration. The rotating magnets can be positioned outside of an electrically non-conductive, heat resistant chamber filled with an inert or mildly reactive gas, through which the metal article passes in the heating apparatus.

The present disclosure relates to an electrolytic copper foil for graphene and a method for producing the copper foil. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an electrolytic copper foil for graphene and a method for producing the copper foil, which may facilitate formation of graphene by blocking surface deformation during the electrolytic copper foil formation. In accordance with the present disclosure, the Rz roughness of the S-face of the electrolytic copper foil after 1 hour treatment at 200 C. in the synthesis of graphene on the electrolytic copper foil is defined based on the Relationship 1 below. This may also minimize the deformation of the surface of the electrolytic copper foil at high temperatures:
0.05(Rz roughness of M-face of electrolytic copper foil/Rz roughness of S-face after treatment at 200 C. for 1 hour)/thickness of electrolytic copper foil0.2.Relationship 1:

A nitrogen-containing microalloyed spring steel and a preparation method thereof are provided. The chemical components are: 0.45-0.52% of carbon, 0.15-0.35% of silicon, 0.90-1.10% of manganese, 0.90-1.15% of chromium, 0.10-0.25% of molybdenum, 0.10-0.20% of vanadium, 0.025-0.04% of niobium, 0.007-0.012% of nitrogen, less than or equal to 0.03% of lead, tin, zinc, antimony, and bismuth, less than or equal to 25 ppm of oxygen and hydrogen, less than or equal to 0.02% of sulfur and phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.2% of copper, less than or equal to 0.35% nickel, and a balance of iron. The spring steel has significantly improved properties, including high mechanical strength, large elongation, high reduction of area, and good anti-fatigue performance.