An aluminum alloy wire is composed of an aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy contains equal to or more than 0.005 mass % and equal to or less than 2.2 mass % of Fe, and a remainder of Al and an inevitable impurity. In a transverse section of the aluminum alloy wire, a surface-layer crystallization measurement region in a shape of a rectangle having a short side length of 50 m and a long side length of 75 m is defined within a surface layer region extending from a surface of the aluminum alloy wire by 50 m in a depth direction, and an average area of crystallized materials in the surface-layer crystallization measurement region is equal to or more than 0.05 m.sup.2 and equal to or less than 3 m.sup.2.

The invention relates to an electrical transportation wire made of aluminum alloy comprising aluminum, zirconium and unavoidable impurities, characterized in that said alloy comprises at least 80 parts by weight of zirconium in the form of precipitates (Al.sub.3Zr) per 100 parts by weight of zirconium in said aluminum alloy.

An aluminum alloy wire is composed of an aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy contains equal to or more than 0.005 mass % and equal to or less than 2.2 mass % of Fe, and a remainder of Al and an inevitable impurity. In a transverse section of the aluminum alloy wire, a surface-layer crystallization measurement region in a shape of a rectangle having a short side length of 50 m and a long side length of 75 m is defined within a surface layer region extending from a surface of the aluminum alloy wire by 50 m in a depth direction, and an average area of crystallized materials in the surface-layer crystallization measurement region is equal to or more than 0.05 m.sup.2 and equal to or less than 3 m.sup.2.

There is provided a training system capable of performing work. The system has a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator exhibiting a generally planar transformational behavior. The system further has one or more heating elements for transforming the SMA actuator from an original shape to a trained shape, thereby performing work.

A method of forming a metal-graphene composite includes coating metal components (10) with graphene (14) to form graphene-coated metal components, combining a plurality of the graphene-coated metal components to form a precursor workpiece (26), and working the precursor workpiece (26) into a bulk form (30) to form the metal-graphene composite. A metal-graphene composite includes graphene (14) in a metal matrix wherein the graphene (14) is single-atomic layer or multi-layer graphene (14) distributed throughout the metal matrix and primarily (but not exclusively) oriented with a plane horizontal to an axial direction of the metal-graphene composite.

A method of forming a metal-graphene composite includes coating metal components (10) with graphene (14) to form graphene-coated metal components, combining a plurality of the graphene-coated metal components to form a precursor workpiece (26), and working the precursor workpiece (26) into a bulk form (30) to form the metal-graphene composite. A metal-graphene composite includes graphene (14) in a metal matrix wherein the graphene (14) is single-atomic layer or multi-layer graphene (14) distributed throughout the metal matrix and primarily (but not exclusively) oriented with a plane horizontal to an axial direction of the metal-graphene composite.

The present invention relates to a camshaft device, which allows a plurality of components to be assembled to a main shaft, and a method for manufacturing the camshaft device. The camshaft device may include: a main shaft lengthily extending in the lengthwise direction; at least one cam lobe assembled to the main shaft and formed eccentrically from a rotation axis of the main shaft; at least one journal bearing assembled to the main shaft and formed to rotatably support the main shaft; and at least one guide shaft assembled to the main shaft and installed between the cam lobe and another cam lobe so as to align an assembling position of the cam lobe or the journal bearing.

Disclosed are a metal wire, a manufacturing method therefor, and a tire. The metal wire is made by twisting a filament; an outer peripheral surface of the filament is covered with a CuMZn alloy coating; the outer peripheral surface of the filament is also covered with a CuZn alloy coating; the metal wire is made of at least one filament; an area covered by the CuMZn alloy coating is 10%-90% of an area of the outer peripheral surface of the filament, and the rest is the CuZn alloy coating; M in the CuMZn alloy coating is selected from one or two of Co, Ni, Mn, or Mo; the mass fraction of Cu in the CuMZn alloy coating is 58%-72%, the mass fraction of M in the CuMZn alloy coating is 0.5%-5%, and the balance in the CuMZn alloy coating is Zn and inevitable impurities.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a hollow cylindrical filter for removing efficiently foreign substances from fluids. This is performed by forming complicated passages including an axial direction and a radial direction in the filter. The hollow cylindrical filter is formed by winding a metal wire rod in a spiral and multilayered manner. The metal wire rod includes a recess formed throughout the entire length in a longitudinal direction, or recesses repeated along said longitudinal direction. Some wire rod layers extend in an axial direction of the hollow cylindrical filter while the adjacent wire rod layers extend in an intersecting direction, thereby forming a plurality of communication paths for communicating between the overlapping wire rod layers. Additionally, a space is formed between the recess of one wire rod layer and another adjacent wire rod layer, allowing the plurality of communication paths to communicate with each other.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a hollow cylindrical filter for removing efficiently foreign substances from fluids. This is performed by forming complicated passages including an axial direction and a radial direction in the filter. The hollow cylindrical filter is formed by winding a metal wire rod in a spiral and multilayered manner. The metal wire rod includes a recess formed throughout the entire length in a longitudinal direction, or recesses repeated along said longitudinal direction. Some wire rod layers extend in an axial direction of the hollow cylindrical filter while the adjacent wire rod layers extend in an intersecting direction, thereby forming a plurality of communication paths for communicating between the overlapping wire rod layers. Additionally, a space is formed between the recess of one wire rod layer and another adjacent wire rod layer, allowing the plurality of communication paths to communicate with each other.