A pipe is formed by press molding a U-shaped member including a U-shaped cross section. The U-shaped cross section includes at least five curved portions. The curved portions include a center curved portion facing an opening of the U-shaped cross section defined by both edges of the U-shaped cross section; a first right curved portion; a second right curved portion; a first left curved portion; and a second left curved portion. At least the center curved portion, the first right curved portion, and the first left curved portion each have a radius of curvature smaller than a radius of curvature of a corresponding portion of the pipe cross section.

A manufacturing method of a housing includes the following steps: an object providing step, a shaping step, a cooling step, a tempering step and a stamping step. In the object providing step, a semi-finished object is provided. In the shaping step, the semi-finished object is heat shaped to form a plate. In the cooling step, the plate after heat shaping is cooled. In the tempering step, the plate after cooling is tempered at a low-temperature. In the stamping step, the plate after tempering at the low-temperature is stamped at a normal temperature to form a housing.

A monolithic drain body including a base wall defining an outlet and a periphery, a side wall extending from the periphery of the base wall to produce an open end opposite the base wall, and a ledge formed into the side wall and extending inwardly therefrom to at least partially enclose a first volume between the ledge, the side wall, and the base wall.

A method for producing a container having an upper part, a lower part and a receiving element such as an electronics module includes the following steps: the lower part is created from a first starting material in a first processing region of a processing device; the upper part is created from a second starting material in a second processing region of the processing device; the receiving element is fed into the first processing region of the processing device; the lower part receives the receiving element in the first processing region of the processing device; the upper part is fed from the second processing region into the first processing region of the processing device; and there the upper part and the lower part are joined together to form the container.

A method for producing a container having an upper part, a lower part and a receiving element such as an electronics module includes the following steps: the lower part is created from a first starting material in a first processing region of a processing device; the upper part is created from a second starting material in a second processing region of the processing device; the receiving element is fed into the first processing region of the processing device; the lower part receives the receiving element in the first processing region of the processing device; the upper part is fed from the second processing region into the first processing region of the processing device; and there the upper part and the lower part are joined together to form the container.

An apparatus for backward flow forming a material may comprise a mandrel having a headstock at a proximate end of the mandrel, the mandrel configured to rotate about an axis, a plurality of rollers disposed radially outward of the mandrel configured to exert force on the material to form a work piece at a plastic deformation zone, wherein the work piece flows from the plastic deformation zone between the plurality of rollers and the mandrel toward a distal end of the mandrel, and a catcher, coaxial to the mandrel, and removably coupled to the work piece at a traveling end of the work piece.

An apparatus for backward flow forming a material may comprise a mandrel having a headstock at a proximate end of the mandrel, the mandrel configured to rotate about an axis, a plurality of rollers disposed radially outward of the mandrel configured to exert force on the material to form a work piece at a plastic deformation zone, wherein the work piece flows from the plastic deformation zone between the plurality of rollers and the mandrel toward a distal end of the mandrel, and a catcher, coaxial to the mandrel, and removably coupled to the work piece at a traveling end of the work piece.

The apparatus for producing a branch structure has: a die 10 having a spherical shape, and having a long diameter A1 and a short diameter B1 that is shorter than the long diameter A1; and an extraction jig 20 that can be connected to the die 10. At a time of removal, by the extraction jig 20 connected to the die 10, of the die 10 having been inserted into a pipe 30 in which a flanged portion 32 is to be formed, first flanging is performed by the die on a pilot hole 31 that is formed at a branch portion formation position in the pipe 30 and that runs radially through a body of the pipe 30, and then the extraction jig 20 causes the removed die 10 to rotate by a predetermined angle about a central axis, whereupon second flanging is performed on the pilot hole 31, from outside the pipe 30, by the rotated die 10.

Formed in series along an axial-direction end portion of a large-diameter pipe member, in the following order from the pipe end, are: a large-diameter-pipe pipe-end expanding portion; a large-diameter-pipe reduced-diameter portion; a large-diameter-pipe bulging portion; and a tapered portion. Formed in series along an axial-direction end portion of a small-diameter-pipe member, in the following order from the pipe end, are: a small-diameter-pipe pipe-end expanding portion; a small-diameter-pipe enlarged-diameter portion; and a small-diameter-pipe bulging portion. The outer cylindrical surface of the small-diameter-pipe enlarged-diameter portion is in close contact with the inner circumferential surface of the large-diameter-pipe reduced-diameter portion; the inner cylindrical surface of the large-diameter-pipe bulging portion and the outer circumferential surface of the small-diameter-pipe pipe-end expanding portion are engaged; and the inner circumferential surface of the large-diameter-pipe pipe-end expanding portion and the outer cylindrical surface of the small-diameter-pipe bulging portion are engaged.

Formed in series along an axial-direction end portion of a large-diameter pipe member, in the following order from the pipe end, are: a large-diameter-pipe pipe-end expanding portion; a large-diameter-pipe reduced-diameter portion; a large-diameter-pipe bulging portion; and a tapered portion. Formed in series along an axial-direction end portion of a small-diameter-pipe member, in the following order from the pipe end, are: a small-diameter-pipe pipe-end expanding portion; a small-diameter-pipe enlarged-diameter portion; and a small-diameter-pipe bulging portion. The outer cylindrical surface of the small-diameter-pipe enlarged-diameter portion is in close contact with the inner circumferential surface of the large-diameter-pipe reduced-diameter portion; the inner cylindrical surface of the large-diameter-pipe bulging portion and the outer circumferential surface of the small-diameter-pipe pipe-end expanding portion are engaged; and the inner circumferential surface of the large-diameter-pipe pipe-end expanding portion and the outer cylindrical surface of the small-diameter-pipe bulging portion are engaged.