Systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided herein that track an integrated deviation of a physical property of a material that corresponds to a variation or defect in the material. In one embodiment, molten steel begins to solidify and move past an instrumented region of a mold. Sensors in the mold can detect a deviation in temperature of the instrumented region of the mold that signifies a variation or defect in the surface of the slab material as it solidifies. The systems, methods, and apparatuses track the integrated temperature deviation to more clearly visualize defects that may otherwise not be detectable by simply observing the temperatures of the mold and slab material in real time.

The pouring apparatus includes: a ladle including a nozzle and configured to store molten metal; a tilting mechanism configured to tilt the ladle so that a tapping position from the nozzle of the ladle is maintained at a constant position; and a radiation thermometer including a sensor head configured to output a signal related to a temperature at a measurement position and an amplifier configured to process the signal output by the sensor head, wherein the sensor head is disposed so that the measurement position is at the tapping position, and outputs a signal related to a temperature of molten metal in a molten metal flow at the tapping position.

A ventilating stopper rod has a temperature measurement function and is used for continuous casting. The stopper rod has a rod body, a rod head, a temperature measurement unit, a connecting pipe and exhaust passages; the rod body is a hollow structure; the upper end of the rod body is connected with the connecting pipe; the lower end of the rod body is connected with the rod head; the temperature measurement unit is used for measuring the temperature of the molten steel; the open end of the temperature measurement unit is connected with the rod head and communicates with the inner cavity of the rod body; the closed end of the temperature measurement unit extends out from the lower end of the rod head and is exposed from the rod head.

A continuously casting method including arranging temperature measuring elements according to specified conditions, selecting as evaluation targets for temperatures of copper plates on a wide face of mold values measured by the temperature measuring elements arranged closer to a center in a width direction of a cast slab than short sides of the cast slab under continuous casting at levels of 50 mm or more lower in a slab withdrawal direction than a meniscus of a molten steel in a mold, and adjusting a casting condition such that a standard deviation of the values measured over the width direction of the copper plates on the wide face of mold at a same level in the slab withdrawal direction is 20° C. or lower.

The invention relates to an immersion device and a method for detecting a position of an optical cored wire using an immersion device. An immersion device for measuring a temperature of a metal melt inside an electric arc furnace vessel with an optical cored wire comprises a blowing lance for blowing purge gas into an entry point to the vessel and a detecting means for detecting a position of the optical cored wire. The optical cored wire can be moved in a feeding channel and/or in the blowing lance relative to the entry point. The detecting means is configured to detect the presence of the optical cored wire in or close to the blowing lance. This enables short distances between the leading end of the fiber and the melt and, thus, short time intervals between temperature measurement sequences.

A method of casting a metal alloy ingot, including the following steps: providing a one side open-ended mould including a plurality of sides and a bottom plate defining a mould cavity with a mould opening, the open-ended mould being pivotable around a horizontal rotational axis between a position so that the mould opening points upwards and a position so that the mould opening points side-wards or down-wards; positioning the open-ended mould such that the mould opening points side-wards or down-wards; providing a casting container with an upwardly positioned aperture; filling the casting container with molten metal for one casting operation; coupling the casting container to the open-ended mould so that the casting container is located below the mould while the mould opening points side-wards or down-wards; rotating the open-ended mould together with the casting container around the horizontal rotational axis for approximately 90° to 180° from a position whereby the mould opening points side-wards or down-wards to a position whereby the mould opening points upwards such that the molten metal is conveyed through the mould opening into the open-ended mould until reaching a desired thickness, whereby the molten metal in the open-ended mould is cooled directionally through its thickness where the solidification front remains substantially monoaxial.

A casting mold (260) comprises a shell (262) extending from a lower end (264) to an upper end (266) and having: an interior space (280) for casting metal; and an opening (268) for receiving metal to be cast. A plurality of thermocouples (900) are vertically-spaced from each other on the shell.

The pouring apparatus includes: a ladle including a nozzle and configured to store molten metal; a tilting mechanism configured to tilt the ladle so that a tapping position from the nozzle of the ladle is maintained at a constant position; and a radiation thermometer including a sensor head configured to output a signal related to a temperature at a measurement position and an amplifier configured to process the signal output by the sensor head, wherein the sensor head is disposed so that the measurement position is at the tapping position, and outputs a signal related to a temperature of molten metal in a molten metal flow at the tapping position.

A system for detection of the level of a liquid metal within a crystallizer of a mold has a detection system. The detection system is based on a transmission of at least one signal transmitted toward a crystallizer having the liquid metal therein and a reception of a reflection of the transmitted signal. A first ultrasonic element transmits a ultrasonic elastic wave and a second ultrasonic element receives the ultrasonic elastic wave. A processor measures a time elapsed between transmission and reception and correlates the elapsed time relative to the level of liquid metal in the crystallizer.

The present invention discloses a method for producing high-purity magnesium by semi-continuous distillation, comprising the following steps of: (1) melting crude magnesium or recycled mixed metal containing magnesium containing various impurities in a melting boiler; (2) feeding the molten crude magnesium into a second boiler by a magnesium liquid delivery pump, and maintaining a temperature of 665 C. to 700 C.; (3) sucking the high-temperature magnesium liquid into a crude distillation column in vacuum by a magnetic liquid suction pipe that is inserted into the intermediate boiler and connected to the crude distillation column. Magnesium is condensed into liquid in the rectification column, then discharged from a liquid seal of the rectification column, and ingoted in a refined magnesium die to obtain high-purity magnesium products.