A process for melting metal parts and casting the melt in at least one mould and a corresponding combined melting and casting furnace plant are described. In the process, metal parts to be melted are brought into a crucible furnace, and a molten metal is produced therein and made ready for casting. A riser tube integrated in a lid of the crucible furnace is heated in a position remote from the crucible furnace, and the lid with heated riser tube is brought into a position closing the crucible furnace, in which the riser tube projects into the molten metal. A mould is arranged on the lid in a casting position above the riser tube, and the molten metal is introduced into the mould from below by pressurising the melt in the crucible furnace. The combined melting and casting furnace plant is designed to carry out such a process.

A hot rolled light-gauge martensitic steel sheet made by the steps comprising: (a) preparing a molten steel melt comprising: (i) by weight, between 0.20% and 0.35% carbon, less than 1.0% chromium, between 0.7% and 2.0% manganese, between 0.10% and 0.50% silicon, between 0.1% and 1.0% copper, less than 0.05% niobium, less than 0.5% molybdenum, and silicon killed containing less than 0.01% aluminum, and (ii) the remainder iron and impurities resulting from melting; (b) solidifying at a heat flux greater than 10.0 MW/m.sup.2 and cooling the molten melt into a steel sheet less than 2.0 mm in thickness in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to below 1080° C. and above Ar.sub.3 temperature at a cooling rate greater than 15° C./s; and (c) hot rolling the steel sheet to between 15% and 50% reduction and rapidly cooling.

The present invention relates to a magnesium alloy sheet comprising: 0.1 to 1.5 wt % of Zn, 0.08 to 0.7 wt % of Gd, a remainder of Mg, and other inevitable impurities with respect to an entire 100 wt % of the magnesium alloy sheet, and the magnesium alloy sheet may satisfy Relational Expression 1 below.

[Zn]/[Gd]≥3.0  [Relational Expression 1]

The [Zn] and [Gd] may indicate wt % of each component.

Certain embodiments of a melting and casting apparatus comprising includes a melting hearth; a refining hearth fluidly communicating with the melting hearth; a receiving receptacle fluidly communicating with the refining hearth, the receiving receptacle including a first outflow region defining a first molten material pathway, and a second outflow region defining a second molten material pathway; and at least one melting power source oriented to direct energy toward the receiving receptacle and regulate a direction of flow of molten material along the first molten material pathway and the second molten material pathway. Methods for casting a metallic material also are disclosed.

A bulk permanent magnetic material may include between about 5 volume percent and about 40 volume percent Fe.sub.16N.sub.2 phase domains, a plurality of nonmagnetic atoms or molecules forming domain wall pinning sites, and a balance soft magnetic material, wherein at least some of the soft magnetic material is magnetically coupled to the Fe.sub.16N.sub.2 phase domains via exchange spring coupling. In some examples, a bulk permanent magnetic material may be formed by implanting N+ ions in an iron workpiece using ion implantation to form an iron nitride workpiece, pre-annealing the iron nitride workpiece to attach the iron nitride workpiece to a substrate, and post-annealing the iron nitride workpiece to form Fe.sub.16N.sub.2 phase domains within the iron nitride workpiece.

A high-grade non-oriented silicon steel and a production method are provided. The non-oriented silicon steel includes the following chemical components in percent by mass: 0.002-0.004% of C, not greater than 0.003% of S, 1.4-1.7% of Si, 0.7-0.95% of Mn, not greater than 0.03% of P, 0.015-0.035% of Sn; and 11×([Si]-1.4%)=14×([Mn]-0.7%). In the production method, the heating temperature of a continuous casting billet is 1,120-1,150° C.; the finishing temperature in finish rolling is 890±15° C.; the rolling reduction of the last pass of finish rolling is not less than 30%, the total rolling reduction of the last two passes of finish rolling is not less than 50%, and the coiling temperature is 650±20° C.; normalizing treatment is avoided before acid continuous rolling.

The present invention discloses a method for manufacturing an insulated spherical weld gold wire for integrated circuit double-layer stacked package, which relates to the technical field of microelectronic packaging spherical weld gold wires, and specifically comprises the following steps: alloy sheet preparation; alloy rod preparation; stretching; annealing treatment; activation treatment; sputtered insulating coating; multi-winding and sub-packaging, since the polyaryletherketone insulating coating is provided on the surface of the spherical weld gold wire in a scaled integrated circuit and the double-layer stacked package of the present invention, the spherical weld gold wire is allowed to contact and cross during packaging, without affecting the product performance, cost and quality; two high-hardness and high-conductivity materials of cobalt and germanium are added, which greatly enhances the tensile strength of the material.

A piece of jewelry having a copper-containing gold alloy consists of 58.5 to 58.7 wt. % gold, 26.9 to 32.6 wt. % copper, 5.7 to 10.7 wt. % silver, 1.0 to 3.0 wt. % palladium, and a remainder containing 0.7 to 2.2 wt. % zinc.

A method for producing an ultra-low carbon steel product having a carbon concentration of 0.005% by mass or less includes, at least, a step of adjusting a carbon concentration of molten iron to obtain molten steel, a step of casting the molten steel into a slab, and a step of hot rolling the slab to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet, in which the method further includes a width reduction step of performing width reduction on the slab with a reduction amount which is predetermined in accordance with the slab width in a direction orthogonal to the rolling direction of the slab.

A method for producing steel strip, in particular hot strip in the form of coiled coils or in the form of folded individual sheets, in which a steel melt is first produced, this is then formed into a strand in a continuous casting system, the strand is then fed into a heating unit and the heated strand is then rolled into hot strip in a subsequent rolling mill. The casting of the strand, the passage through the heating unit, and the rolling take place in a continuous process. To be able to produce hot-rolled steel strips in the most energy-efficient way possible and to make these strips available for further processing into high-quality cold-rolled and, if necessary, coated strips, the invention provides that, first of all, a steel melt is produced.