A submerged entry nozzle includes a bottomed cylinder having a vertical side face with at least two outlet ports and having an inner side and an outer side. The outlet port satisfies the following expressions:
Vi/Vo≥1.1  Expression (l)
Ho/Hi≥1.1  Expression (2)
where Vi indicates a vertical opening dimension of each of the at least two outlet ports on the inner side, Hi indicates a horizontal opening dimension of each of the at least two outlet ports on the inner side, Vo indicates a vertical opening dimension of each of the at least two outlet ports on the outer side, and Ho indicates a horizontal opening dimension of each of the at least two outlet ports on the outer side.

The cross-sectional shape of a flow passage 31 is circular in a first portion 3; the shape of a flow passage 51 is a flat shape in a second portion 5; in a connecting portion 4, the shape of a flow passage 41 is a shape continuously connecting the flow passage 31 of the first portion 3 and the flow passage 51 of the second portion 5; an opening 52 is provided on the distal end side of the second portion 5 and extends along a plane direction of the flat shape; and assuming that a maximum value of a cross-sectional area of the flow passage 31 in the first portion 3 is given by S.sub.1, that a maximum value of a cross-sectional area of the flow passage 51 in the second portion 5 is given by S.sub.2, and that a minimum value of a cross-sectional area of the flow passage 31 within a range of 20% of a length L.sub.1 of the first portion 3 from a boundary portion 42 between the first portion 3 and the connecting portion 4 toward the upstream side is given by S.sub.3, S.sub.2 is greater than S.sub.1, the ratio S.sub.1/S.sub.3 between S.sub.1 and S.sub.3 is 1.10 or more and 2.00 or less, and the ratio S.sub.2/S.sub.3 between S.sub.2 and S.sub.3 is 1.20 or more and 2.50 or less.

The cross-sectional shape of a flow passage 31 is circular in a first portion 3; the shape of a flow passage 51 is a flat shape in a second portion 5; in a connecting portion 4, the shape of a flow passage 41 is a shape continuously connecting the flow passage 31 of the first portion 3 and the flow passage 51 of the second portion 5; an opening 52 is provided on the distal end side of the second portion 5 and extends along a plane direction of the flat shape; and assuming that a maximum value of a cross-sectional area of the flow passage 31 in the first portion 3 is given by S.sub.1, that a maximum value of a cross-sectional area of the flow passage 51 in the second portion 5 is given by S.sub.2, and that a minimum value of a cross-sectional area of the flow passage 31 within a range of 20% of a length L.sub.1 of the first portion 3 from a boundary portion 42 between the first portion 3 and the connecting portion 4 toward the upstream side is given by S.sub.3, S.sub.2 is greater than S.sub.1, the ratio S.sub.1/S.sub.3 between S.sub.1 and S.sub.3 is 1.10 or more and 2.00 or less, and the ratio S.sub.2/S.sub.3 between S.sub.2 and S.sub.3 is 1.20 or more and 2.50 or less.

A refractory lining structure for a metallurgical vessel is characterized by at least one elongated expansion joint formed in and extending through the surface of the working lining in a substantially vertical direction. The elongated expansion joint accommodates thermal expansion of the working lining in a metallurgical vessel such as, for example, a tundish during preheating for a continuous casting operation. The elongated expansion joint decreases crack formation, delamination, and spalling of the working lining from underlying back-up linings and/or safety linings in metallurgical vessels during preheating and use, while still facilitating metal skull removal after the completion of metallurgical operations.

A refractory lining structure for a metallurgical vessel is characterized by at least one elongated expansion joint formed in and extending through the surface of the working lining in a substantially vertical direction. The elongated expansion joint accommodates thermal expansion of the working lining in a metallurgical vessel such as, for example, a tundish during preheating for a continuous casting operation. The elongated expansion joint decreases crack formation, delamination, and spalling of the working lining from underlying back-up linings and/or safety linings in metallurgical vessels during preheating and use, while still facilitating metal skull removal after the completion of metallurgical operations.

A sliding nozzle apparatus, configured to allow a drive unit to be attached to and detached from a slide metal frame, efficiently transmits a driving force of the drive unit to the slide metal frame. The sliding nozzle apparatus comprises a connection component attached to a slide metal frame and configured for connection with a drive unit. The connection component is provided with an opening with respect to which the drive unit can be attached and detached. The connection component is configured to allow the opening to be switched between a first position where the opening faces in the same direction as an opening-closing direction of the slide metal frame, and a second position where the opening faces in the same direction as an attaching-detaching direction of the drive unit.

A sliding nozzle apparatus, configured to allow a drive unit to be attached to and detached from a slide metal frame, efficiently transmits a driving force of the drive unit to the slide metal frame. The sliding nozzle apparatus comprises a connection component attached to a slide metal frame and configured for connection with a drive unit. The connection component is provided with an opening with respect to which the drive unit can be attached and detached. The connection component is configured to allow the opening to be switched between a first position where the opening faces in the same direction as an opening-closing direction of the slide metal frame, and a second position where the opening faces in the same direction as an attaching-detaching direction of the drive unit.

A molten metal conveyor having a receptor plate in contact with molten metal during transport of the molten metal. The receptor plate extends from an entrance where molten metal enters onto the receptor plate to an exit where molten metal exits the receptor plate. The molten metal conveyor has at least one vibrational energy source which supplies vibrational energy directly to the receptor plate in contact with molten metal. A corresponding method for forming a metal product includes providing molten metal onto a molten conveyor; cooling the molten metal by control of a cooling medium flowing through a cooling passage in the or attached to the conveyor; and coupling vibrational energy directly into a receptor plate in contact with the molten metal on the conveyor.

A machine and process for making a composite battery electrode with a conductive lead cast ribbon extending along and attached to a portion of a carbon fiber material. A lead ribbon may be continuously cast along a longitudinally elongate strip of carbon fiber material. The ribbon may be cast along an edge or edges of a longitudinally elongate strip of carbon fiber material.

This invention provides an improved method and apparatus for controlling the flow of molten metal alloys and, in particular, to a method to finely control the delivery rate of liquid aluminum alloys and the liquid fraction of semi-solid aluminum alloys. The apparatus and method described herein provide for the pumping of liquid metal alloys in a precise and controlled manner. By controlling the heat flow through a section of the pump piston, the pump chamber, the porous liner of the pump chamber and the metal alloy charge, the present invention provides a means to deliver liquid metal alloys at high pressure through one or more exit ports.