A method for manufacturing a bonding wire includes: putting a surface layer metal of a bonding wire in a crucible having a die cooler provided at the lower part thereof and melting the same; putting a main component metal core of the bonding wire in a core guide located at the upper part of the die cooler of the crucible and heating the core guide to the melting point or below of the metal core; transferring the metal core toward the die cooler so as to allow the molten surface layer metal to be injected to the surface of the metal core; and manufacturing a 50 μm to 350 μm bonding wire from the cast wire precursor by using a drawing die.

A method for manufacturing a bonding wire includes: putting a surface layer metal of a bonding wire in a crucible having a die cooler provided at the lower part thereof and melting the same; putting a main component metal core of the bonding wire in a core guide located at the upper part of the die cooler of the crucible and heating the core guide to the melting point or below of the metal core; transferring the metal core toward the die cooler so as to allow the molten surface layer metal to be injected to the surface of the metal core; and manufacturing a 50 μm to 350 μm bonding wire from the cast wire precursor by using a drawing die.

A method and apparatus for manufacturing a flexible layer stack, and to a flexible layer stack. Implementations of the present disclosure particularly relate to a method and apparatus for coating flexible substrates with a low melting temperature metal or metal alloy. In one implementation, a method is provided. The method includes delivering a transfer liquid to a quenching surface of a rotating casting drum. The method further includes forming a material layer stack over the rotating casting drum by delivering a molten metal or molten metal alloy toward the quenching surface of the rotating casting drum. The method further includes transferring the material layer stack from the rotating casting drum to a continuous flexible substrate, wherein the quenching surface of the rotating casting drum is cooled to a temperature at which the layers of the material layer stack solidify.

Certain embodiments of a melting and casting apparatus comprising includes a melting hearth; a refining hearth fluidly communicating with the melting hearth; a receiving receptacle fluidly communicating with the refining hearth, the receiving receptacle including a first outflow region defining a first molten material pathway, and a second outflow region defining a second molten material pathway; and at least one melting power source oriented to direct energy toward the receiving receptacle and regulate a direction of flow of molten material along the first molten material pathway and the second molten material pathway. Methods for casting a metallic material also are disclosed.

Systems and apparatus for continuously casting thin strip where one or more expansion rings are positioned within at least one of a pair of casting rolls, and automatically measuring a thickness of the cast strip close to the first side edge of the strip using at least one sensor. If the thickness measured is too thin, automatically decreasing the radial dimension of the expansion ring arranged in close proximity to the first side edge to cause the cylindrical tube to contract and increase the thickness of the cast strip during casting. If the thickness measured indicates that the thickness of the cast strip is too thick, automatically increasing the radial dimension of the expansion ring arranged in close proximity to the first side edge to cause the cylindrical tube to expand and reduce the thickness of the cast strip during casting.

A method for producing ultra-thin hot-rolled strip steel, the method comprising the following process steps: A. a smelting process: feeding scrap steel into an induction electric furnace (1) for smelting so that the scrap steel melts into molten steel; B. a refining process: using a ladle refining furnace (2) and a ladle vacuum degassing furnace (3) to refine the molten steel; C. a continuous casting process: casting the refined molten steel into a cast strip blank that has a thickness of 1.6-2.5 mm by means of a dual-roller thin strip continuous casting system (4); D. a hot rolling process: directly feeding the cast strip blank that was cast in the continuous casting process to a single-stand hot rolling mill (9) for rolling to produce hot-rolled strip steel, the thickness of the hot-rolled strip steel being 0.8-1.5 mm; E. a cooling coiling process: performing atomizing cooling on the hot-rolled strip steel, and coiling after the strip steel temperature is controlled to be 400-750° C. The present method achieves an extremely compact, environmentally-friendly and economical ultra-thin hot-rolled strip steel production process flow, and achieves the environmentally-friendly and economical continuous production of metal plates and strips.

A method for improving center segregation and surface crack of continuous casting medium-thick slab of peritectic steel reduces the cooling intensity at the earlier stage of solidification and enhancing the cooling intensity at the final stage of solidification. For example, the cooling water amount of the wide face of the mould is 3400-3600 L/min, and the cooling water amount of the narrow face of the mould is 480-530 L/min. The cooling water amount of the wide face of the foot roller section is 239-298 L/min, and the cooling water amount of the narrow face of the foot roller section is 61-65 L/min. The total cooling water amount of the sector segment is 1517-2166 L/min.

Method for the continuous casting of a product (P), chosen from billets or blooms, along a curved casting line (18), the method providing to cast a liquid metal (M) in a crystallizer (11) having a tubular cavity (12) with an octagonal cross section.

A self-lubricating rolling bearing is provided. The chemical compositions in the inner rings and the outer rings of bearing are 3.4-3.7% C, 2.7-2.9% Si, 0.3-0.5% Mn, 0.3-0.5% Cr, ≤0.05% S, ≤0.05% P, 0.03-0.045% Residual Mg, and the remainder Fe. The total percent of the chemical compositions is 100%. The material for the inner and outer rings of the rolling bearing introduced in the invention is austempered ductile iron (ADI). In the microstructure of ADI, the diameter of the graphite nodules is less than 0.02 mm, the number of graphite spheres per square millimeter is more than 400, and the microstructure of the metal matrix in the ADI can be showed clearly only when it is observed on the microscope with a magnification more than 500. Eventually, the self-lubricating rolling bearings are made from the ADI.

A self-lubricating rolling bearing is provided. The chemical compositions in the inner rings and the outer rings of bearing are 3.4-3.7% C, 2.7-2.9% Si, 0.3-0.5% Mn, 0.3-0.5% Cr, ≤0.05% S, ≤0.05% P, 0.03-0.045% Residual Mg, and the remainder Fe. The total percent of the chemical compositions is 100%. The material for the inner and outer rings of the rolling bearing introduced in the invention is austempered ductile iron (ADI). In the microstructure of ADI, the diameter of the graphite nodules is less than 0.02 mm, the number of graphite spheres per square millimeter is more than 400, and the microstructure of the metal matrix in the ADI can be showed clearly only when it is observed on the microscope with a magnification more than 500. Eventually, the self-lubricating rolling bearings are made from the ADI.