Disclosed herein is a casting cluster for casting a body of a golf club head made of titanium or a titanium alloy. The casting cluster comprises a receptor and a plurality of runners coupled to the receptor and configured to receive molten metal from the receptor. The casting cluster also includes at least twenty-eight main gates. At least two of the main gates are coupled to each of the runners and each main gate is configured to receive molten metal from a corresponding one of the plurality of runners. The casting cluster further comprises at least twenty-eight molds. Each mold of the at least twenty-eight molds is configured to receive molten metal from a corresponding one of the main gates and to cast a body of a golf club head that has a volume of at least 100 cm.sup.3.

An aluminum alloy wheel for a vehicle is provided, which includes: a wheel central portion, a rim portion, and a plurality of radial elements, wherein the aluminum alloy wheel is processed by centrifugal casting and forging to form a central portion with a morphology exhibiting a grain size variation with decreasing gradient in a lateral direction from an inner side of the wheel central portion to an outer side thereof.

An aluminum alloy wheel for a vehicle is provided, which includes: a wheel central portion, a rim portion, and a plurality of radial elements, wherein the aluminum alloy wheel is processed by centrifugal casting and forging to form a central portion with a morphology exhibiting a grain size variation with decreasing gradient in a lateral direction from an inner side of the wheel central portion to an outer side thereof.

Disclosed herein is a casting cluster for casting a body of a golf club head made of titanium or a titanium alloy. The casting cluster comprises a receptor and a plurality of runners coupled to the receptor and configured to receive molten metal from the receptor. The casting cluster also includes at least forty main gates. At least two of the main gates are coupled to each of the runners and each main gate is configured to receive molten metal from a corresponding one of the plurality of runners. The casting cluster further comprises at least forty molds. Each mold of the at least forty molds is configured to receive molten metal from a corresponding one of the main gates and to cast a body of an iron-type golf club head.

Disclosed herein is a casting cluster for casting a body of a golf club head made of titanium or a titanium alloy. The casting cluster comprises a receptor and a plurality of runners coupled to the receptor and configured to receive molten metal from the receptor. The casting cluster also includes at least forty main gates. At least two of the main gates are coupled to each of the runners and each main gate is configured to receive molten metal from a corresponding one of the plurality of runners. The casting cluster further comprises at least forty molds. Each mold of the at least forty molds is configured to receive molten metal from a corresponding one of the main gates and to cast a body of an iron-type golf club head.

A cast cup can include a forward portion of a golf club head, including a hosel, a face portion, and forward portions of a crown, sole, heel and toe. A rear ring can be formed separately from the cast cup and coupled to heel and toe portions of the cast cup to form a metallic club head body, such that the club head body defines a hollow interior region, a crown opening, and a sole opening. The cast cup and rear ring can be cast of titanium alloys. Composite crown and sole inserts can then be coupled to the crown opening and sole opening. The face portion of the cast cup can have a desirably complex geometry. The rear surface of the face portion of the cast cup can be modified before the rear ring is attached.

A cast cup can include a forward portion of a golf club head, including a hosel, a face portion, and forward portions of a crown, sole, heel and toe. A rear ring can be formed separately from the cast cup and coupled to heel and toe portions of the cast cup to form a metallic club head body, such that the club head body defines a hollow interior region, a crown opening, and a sole opening. The cast cup and rear ring can be cast of titanium alloys. Composite crown and sole inserts can then be coupled to the crown opening and sole opening. The face portion of the cast cup can have a desirably complex geometry. The rear surface of the face portion of the cast cup can be modified before the rear ring is attached.

A screw smelting machine melts raw materials with a different chemical ratio in a mixing funnel in a feeding order to prevent the long-range diffusion of a melt, and controls outflow at a suitable speed. A centrifugal casting machine solidifies the melt with the ingredients gradient varying into a radial ingredient gradient material by a centrifugal casting style. A temperature sensor monitors temperature of an outer surface of a centrifuge cavity of the centrifugal casting machine during centrifugal casting, and transmits the temperature to a control platform. The control platform determines an optimal flow rate of the melt at an end of screw rod according to ingredient gradient of ingredient radial-gradient pipe materials and a thickness of each component gradient material required with preparation, in combination with a real-time data fed back from the temperature sensor, and feeds back to a feeding end.

A screw smelting machine melts raw materials with a different chemical ratio in a mixing funnel in a feeding order to prevent the long-range diffusion of a melt, and controls outflow at a suitable speed. A centrifugal casting machine solidifies the melt with the ingredients gradient varying into a radial ingredient gradient material by a centrifugal casting style. A temperature sensor monitors temperature of an outer surface of a centrifuge cavity of the centrifugal casting machine during centrifugal casting, and transmits the temperature to a control platform. The control platform determines an optimal flow rate of the melt at an end of screw rod according to ingredient gradient of ingredient radial-gradient pipe materials and a thickness of each component gradient material required with preparation, in combination with a real-time data fed back from the temperature sensor, and feeds back to a feeding end.

A method comprises providing a molten aluminum alloy selected from the group consisting of 6000 series aluminum alloys comprises chromium (Cr) in a range of between 0.001 wt % to 0.05 wt %. The molten aluminum alloy is formed into a formed body having beta-AlFeSi particles. The formed body is solution heat treated at a temperature in a range of 1,025-1,050° F. to form a heat-treated body. The solution heat treating transforms substantially all of the beta-AlFeSi particles into alpha-AlFeSi particles such that the heat-treated body is substantially free of the beta-AlFeSi particles.