A castable, moldable, or extrudable magnesium-based alloy that includes one or more insoluble additives. The insoluble additives can be used to enhance the mechanical properties of the structure, such as ductility and/or tensile strength. The final structure can be enhanced by heat treatment, as well as deformation processing such as extrusion, forging, or rolling, to further improve the strength of the final structure as compared to the non-enhanced structure. The magnesium-based composite has improved thermal and mechanical properties by the modification of grain boundary properties through the addition of insoluble nanoparticles to the magnesium alloys. The magnesium-based composite can have a thermal conductivity that is greater than 180 W/m-K, and/or ductility exceeding 15-20% elongation to failure.

A castable, moldable, or extrudable magnesium-based alloy that includes one or more insoluble additives. The insoluble additives can be used to enhance the mechanical properties of the structure, such as ductility and/or tensile strength. The final structure can be enhanced by heat treatment, as well as deformation processing such as extrusion, forging, or rolling, to further improve the strength of the final structure as compared to the non-enhanced structure. The magnesium-based composite has improved thermal and mechanical properties by the modification of grain boundary properties through the addition of insoluble nanoparticles to the magnesium alloys. The magnesium-based composite can have a thermal conductivity that is greater than 180 W/m-K, and/or ductility exceeding 15-20% elongation to failure.

A die casting method includes stirring an aluminum alloy liquid in a stirrer under an airtight vacuum condition. The stirrer includes an electromagnetic inductor and a stirring rod. The aluminum alloy liquid is simultaneously subjected to an electromagnetic stirring in a direction of a magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic inductor and a mechanical stirring under a rotation action of the stirring rod. The aluminum alloy liquid is stirred for 20-80 minutes until the aluminum alloy liquid becomes semisolid to obtain a semisolid aluminum alloy slurry. The method further includes injecting the semisolid aluminum alloy slurry into a filter die to perform die casting molding at an injection speed of 1.5-2.5 m/s, an injection specific pressure of 30-80 MPa, a pressurization pressure of 60-80 MPa, and a temperature of the filter die of 250-400° C., and maintaining pressure for 7-30 seconds to obtain the filtering cavity.

A die casting method includes stirring an aluminum alloy liquid in a stirrer under an airtight vacuum condition. The stirrer includes an electromagnetic inductor and a stirring rod. The aluminum alloy liquid is simultaneously subjected to an electromagnetic stirring in a direction of a magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic inductor and a mechanical stirring under a rotation action of the stirring rod. The aluminum alloy liquid is stirred for 20-80 minutes until the aluminum alloy liquid becomes semisolid to obtain a semisolid aluminum alloy slurry. The method further includes injecting the semisolid aluminum alloy slurry into a filter die to perform die casting molding at an injection speed of 1.5-2.5 m/s, an injection specific pressure of 30-80 MPa, a pressurization pressure of 60-80 MPa, and a temperature of the filter die of 250-400° C., and maintaining pressure for 7-30 seconds to obtain the filtering cavity.

A bearing steel includes, as a metallographic structure, inclusions which contain complex oxysulfides including Rare Earth Metal, Ca, O, S, and Al, TiN, MnS, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and complex oxides including Al and Ca, wherein, a number fraction of the complex oxysulfides in a total number of the inclusions is 50% to less than 100% and a number of complex oxysulfides having a major axis of 5 μm or more is 0.001 pieces to 2 pieces in an observed section of 1 mm.sup.2, and a number of TiN existing independently from the complex oxysulfides and having a major axis of 5 μm or more is 0.001 pieces to less than 1.0 piece in an observed section of 1 mm.sup.2.

A bearing steel includes, as a metallographic structure, inclusions which contain complex oxysulfides including Rare Earth Metal, Ca, O, S, and Al, TiN, MnS, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and complex oxides including Al and Ca, wherein, a number fraction of the complex oxysulfides in a total number of the inclusions is 50% to less than 100% and a number of complex oxysulfides having a major axis of 5 μm or more is 0.001 pieces to 2 pieces in an observed section of 1 mm.sup.2, and a number of TiN existing independently from the complex oxysulfides and having a major axis of 5 μm or more is 0.001 pieces to less than 1.0 piece in an observed section of 1 mm.sup.2.

A method of controlling molten metal flow and an electromagnetic brake system for a metal-making process, including: a first magnetic core arrangement having a first and second long sides with N.sub.c teeth, and arranged to be mounted to opposite longitudinal sides of an upper portion of a mould, a first set of coils, each being wound around a respective tooth of the first magnetic core arrangement, and N.sub.p power converters, with N.sub.p being an integer that is at least two and N.sub.c is an integer that is at least four and evenly divisible with N.sub.p, wherein each power converter is configured to feed a DC current to its respective group of 2N.sub.c/N.sub.p series-connected coils.

A method of controlling molten metal flow and an electromagnetic brake system for a metal-making process, including: a first magnetic core arrangement having a first and second long sides with N.sub.c teeth, and arranged to be mounted to opposite longitudinal sides of an upper portion of a mould, a first set of coils, each being wound around a respective tooth of the first magnetic core arrangement, and N.sub.p power converters, with N.sub.p being an integer that is at least two and N.sub.c is an integer that is at least four and evenly divisible with N.sub.p, wherein each power converter is configured to feed a DC current to its respective group of 2N.sub.c/N.sub.p series-connected coils.

A castable, moldable, or extrudable magnesium-based alloy that includes one or more insoluble additives. The insoluble additives can be used to enhance the mechanical properties of the structure, such as ductility and/or tensile strength. The final structure can be enhanced by heat treatment, as well as deformation processing such as extrusion, forging, or rolling, to further improve the strength of the final structure as compared to the non-enhanced structure. The magnesium-based composite has improved thermal and mechanical properties by the modification of grain boundary properties through the addition of insoluble nanoparticles to the magnesium alloys. The magnesium-based composite can have a thermal conductivity that is greater than 180 W/m−K, and/or ductility exceeding 15-20% elongation to failure.

A method for manufacturing carbon fiber reinforced aluminum composites is provided. Particularly, the method uses a stir casting process during a melting and casting process and reduces a contact angle of carbon against aluminum by inputting carbon fibers while supplying a current to liquid aluminum to induce the carbon fibers to be spontaneously and uniformly distributed in the liquid aluminum and inhibits a formation of an aluminum carbide (Al.sub.4C.sub.3) phase on an interface between the aluminum and the carbon fiber, thereby manufacturing carbon fiber reinforced aluminum composites having excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical characteristics.