A hardening agent for three-dimensional printing includes a boron-containing hardener and a jettable liquid vehicle, and is devoid of a pigment and a dye. The boron-containing hardener is selected from the group consisting of a water dispersible boron-containing hardener present in an amount ranging from about 6 wt % to about 15 wt %, and a water soluble boron-containing hardener present in an amount ranging from greater than 1 wt % to about 20 wt %.

A hardening agent for three-dimensional printing includes a boron-containing hardener and a jettable liquid vehicle, and is devoid of a pigment and a dye. The boron-containing hardener is selected from the group consisting of a water dispersible boron-containing hardener present in an amount ranging from about 6 wt % to about 15 wt %, and a water soluble boron-containing hardener present in an amount ranging from greater than 1 wt % to about 20 wt %.

There is provided a paste composition using copper fine particles that are capable of exhibiting conductivity after low-temperature sintering, which themselves are less oxidized, and that can be produced with a high yield ratio. A paste composition contains: (A) copper fine particles having a thickness or minor axis of 10 to 500 nm and coated with amino alcohol represented by the chemical formula (1) and (B) an organic solvent.

There is provided a paste composition using copper fine particles that are capable of exhibiting conductivity after low-temperature sintering, which themselves are less oxidized, and that can be produced with a high yield ratio. A paste composition contains: (A) copper fine particles having a thickness or minor axis of 10 to 500 nm and coated with amino alcohol represented by the chemical formula (1) and (B) an organic solvent.

A titanium sintered body has an average crystal grain diameter on the surface of more than 30 m and 500 m or less, and a Vickers hardness on the surface of 300 or more and 800 or less. In the titanium sintered body, it is preferred that crystal structures on the surface have an average aspect ratio of 1 or more and 3 or less. Further, in the titanium sintered body, it is preferred that the oxygen content on the surface is 2000 ppm by mass or more and 5500 ppm by mass or less. Further, in the titanium sintered body, it is preferred that titanium is contained as a main component, and an -phase stabilizing element and a -phase stabilizing element are also present.

A titanium sintered body has an average crystal grain diameter on the surface of more than 30 m and 500 m or less, and a Vickers hardness on the surface of 300 or more and 800 or less. In the titanium sintered body, it is preferred that crystal structures on the surface have an average aspect ratio of 1 or more and 3 or less. Further, in the titanium sintered body, it is preferred that the oxygen content on the surface is 2000 ppm by mass or more and 5500 ppm by mass or less. Further, in the titanium sintered body, it is preferred that titanium is contained as a main component, and an -phase stabilizing element and a -phase stabilizing element are also present.

A three-dimensional chiral nanostructure according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: metal nanoparticles having a chiral structure: and a coating layer enclosing the metal nanoparticles. The metal nanoparticle is formed in a polyhedral structure having an R region and an S region in which atoms are arranged clockwise and counterclockwise, respectively, in the order of (111), (100), and (110) crystal faces on the basis of the chiral center, wherein at least a portion of the edges form a curve tilting and extending from the R or S region so that the metal nanoparticle has a chiral structure.

Disclosed is a wax-based thermoplastic organic binder composition consisting of: 50 to 94 wt % of a wax mixture comprising paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax; 3 to 35 wt % of a polyolefin copolymer having a carbonyl group as a backbone polymer; and 3 to 15 wt % of a process control agent.

Disclosed is a wax-based thermoplastic organic binder composition consisting of: 50 to 94 wt % of a wax mixture comprising paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax; 3 to 35 wt % of a polyolefin copolymer having a carbonyl group as a backbone polymer; and 3 to 15 wt % of a process control agent.

A dust core includes: a plurality of soft magnetic particles composed of an iron-based material; an insulating layer including a coating layer that is composed mainly of a phosphate and covers the surface of the soft magnetic particles; and insulating pieces containing a constituent material of the insulating layer, each of the insulating pieces being surrounded by at least three mutually adjacent ones of the soft magnetic particles while separated from the insulating layer.