A film formation portion is formed on an annular edge portion along an opening portion (16a) of an intake port (16) or an opening portion (17a) of an exhaust port (17). The cross section, along the radial direction of the intake port (16) or the exhaust port (17), of the film formation portion, on which a metal film (5) is formed by spraying a raw material powder using a cold spray method, is formed in a groove shape that includes a flat bottom surface (G1) and a pair of side surfaces (G2) adjacent to the bottom surface.

A powder metal alloy composition is used in the production of a sintered powder metal insert for casting into an aluminum casting. The powder metal alloy composition includes an iron powder metal base, copper such that the copper is 3.5 weight percent or more of the powder metal alloy composition, and carbon in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of the powder metal alloy composition. Upon compacting and sintering the powder metal alloy composition to form the sintered powder metal insert, the sintered powder metal insert has a copper gradient that provides a higher concentration of copper on the surface of the sintered powder metal insert than in a center of the grains of the sintered powder metal insert. The higher concentration of copper at the surface of the insert enables a strong metallurgical bond to be formed with the aluminum casting during casting.

A cast component having reduced cross flow linking cavities and method of casting may include a body. The body may define a plurality of internal flow channels. The plurality of internal flow channels may include a first internal flow channel and a second internal flow channel. The cast component may also include a plurality of linking cavities obstructing unintended fluid communication between the first internal flow channel and the second internal flow channel through the plurality of linking cavities.

A cast component having reduced cross flow linking cavities and method of casting may include a body. The body may define a plurality of internal flow channels. The plurality of internal flow channels may include a first internal flow channel and a second internal flow channel. The cast component may also include a plurality of linking cavities obstructing unintended fluid communication between the first internal flow channel and the second internal flow channel through the plurality of linking cavities.

A connecting rod comprises a shaft connecting a first end including a first bore with a second end including a second bore. Methods for forming and assembling a connecting rod and crankshaft assembly include fabricating the second end of the connecting rod via additive manufacturing such that the second end comprises a first and second weakened regions on opposing sides of the second bore, and breaking the second end of the connecting rod at the first and second weakened regions to form a connecting rod assembly comprising a second end base and a second end cap, wherein the base comprises a first fracture face and a second fracture face which each respectively correspond to a first fracture face and a second fracture face of the cap. The methods can further include mating the base and the cap such that a crankpin of a crankshaft is disposed within the second bore.

A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a skirt and a crown coupled to the skirt. The crown is produced in isolation from the skirt using an additive manufacturing process. The piston includes a first air gap between the crown and the skirt. According to an example embodiment, the crown includes a plurality of sections produced in isolation from the skirt. The crown may include a second air gap disposed between two of the plurality of sections.

A piston assembly includes a piston with a first cap disposed on a first end of the piston and a second cap disposed on a second end of the piston. A piston cross-member is in between the first cap and the second cap. A cover is formed with the piston cross-member and extends between the first cap and second cap.

A cast component having reduced cross flow linking cavities and method of casting may include a body. The body may define a plurality of internal flow channels. The plurality of internal flow channels may include a first internal flow channel and a second internal flow channel. The cast component may also include a plurality of linking cavities obstructing unintended fluid communication between the first internal flow channel and the second internal flow channel through the plurality of linking cavities.

A cast component having reduced cross flow linking cavities and method of casting may include a body. The body may define a plurality of internal flow channels. The plurality of internal flow channels may include a first internal flow channel and a second internal flow channel. The cast component may also include a plurality of linking cavities obstructing unintended fluid communication between the first internal flow channel and the second internal flow channel through the plurality of linking cavities.

A hybrid method of additive manufacturing is provided. The method includes providing a powder material and fusing, by a first heat source, a portion of the powder material to form a three-dimensional structure. The three-dimensional structure can define a fill region at least partially filled with the powder material. The method further includes fusing, by a second heat source, the powder material in the fill region. Fusing the powder material in the fill region can solidify the powder material in the fill region and fuse the powder material to the three-dimensional structure for forming a solid object.