A three-dimensional shaping apparatus includes a stage, a first material supply unit that supplies a first material, a second material supply unit that supplies a second material having a thermal expansion coefficient larger than a thermal expansion coefficient of the first material, a laser irradiation unit, and a control unit that controls the laser irradiation unit by selecting a first laser irradiation mode and a second laser irradiation mode in which heat diffusion to a lower layer is smaller than in the first laser irradiation mode, wherein the control unit controls the laser irradiation unit by selecting the second laser irradiation mode when a second material shaped layer is formed on a first material shaped layer, and the second material shaped layer is irradiated with a laser from the laser irradiation unit.

A wear-resistant coating film is disclosed that can maintain high wear resistance for a long period of time even when it is subjected to repetitive wear, and a method for producing the film, as well as a wear-resistant component. The wear-resistant coating film 10 includes a plated layer 11, lump parts 2, and a coat layer 13. The plated layer and the coat layer are laminated, and each of the lump parts is formed of a single particle 12 and/or an assembly of particles 12. The lump parts 2 are held by the plated layer 11 and are disposed to protrude from the plated layer 11. The coat layer 13 is formed to coat the surface of the plated layer 11, the lump parts 2 have flat portions 18, and the flat portions 18 are placed on the same plane as the surface of the coat layer 13.

An embodiment of a method includes fabricating a first single crystal boule having a uniform composition and grain orientation. The first uniform single crystal boule is divided into a first plurality of layered shapes. The shapes of the first plurality are stacked with at least a second plurality of layered shapes along a first axis. The second plurality of layered shapes have at least one physical aspect differing from at least one corresponding physical aspect of the first plurality of layered shapes. The first plurality of layered shapes and at least the second plurality of layered shapes are joined via a field assisted sintering technique (FAST) to form a bulk component.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for manufacturing a conductive laminate having an excellent steady contact between a conductive layer and an overcoat layer. The present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a conductive laminate 10 including a substrate 11, a conductive layer 12, and an overcoat layer 13 being laminated, the method including the following Steps: Step A: forming the conductive layer 12 on the substrate 11 using a conductive ink containing a metal nanoparticle and a first ink resin; and Step B: forming the overcoat layer 13 on the conductive layer 12 using an overcoat layer-forming composition, the overcoat layer-forming composition containing an overcoat layer resin and an overcoat layer solvent, the overcoat layer solvent having an SP value, where a difference between the SP value and an SP value of the first ink resin is 1.0 or less in absolute value.

The present invention provides a metal powder-polymer matrix film for use in delivering metal powder to a three-dimensional printing process, the matrix comprising at least one metal powder and a polymer sheet, wherein the metal powder is incorporated within the polymer sheet architecture or on the polymer sheet surface, and wherein the polymer sheet has a thickness that is at least half that of the powder thickness.

The present invention provides a metal powder-polymer matrix film for use in delivering metal powder to a three-dimensional printing process, the matrix comprising at least one metal powder and a polymer sheet, wherein the metal powder is incorporated within the polymer sheet architecture or on the polymer sheet surface, and wherein the polymer sheet has a thickness that is at least half that of the powder thickness.

The invention relates to a highly heat conductive valve seat ring (1) comprising a carrier layer (2) and a functional layer (3), wherein the carrier layer (2) consists of a solidified copper matrix containing 0.10 to 20% w/w of a solidifying component and the functional layer (3) consists of a solidified copper matrix which further contains, based on the copper matrix, 5 to 35% w/w of one or more hard phases.

The invention relates to a highly heat conductive valve seat ring (1) comprising a carrier layer (2) and a functional layer (3), wherein the carrier layer (2) consists of a solidified copper matrix containing 0.10 to 20% w/w of a solidifying component and the functional layer (3) consists of a solidified copper matrix which further contains, based on the copper matrix, 5 to 35% w/w of one or more hard phases.

A method of making a component with an integral strain indicator includes forming the component from a first material, where the component has an outer surface and an internal volume; and directly depositing a plurality of fiducial markers on a portion of the outer surface. The fiducial markers are formed from a second material that is compatible with the first material, and the portion of the outer surface defines an analysis region on the outer surface of the component. The analysis region defines a gage length, and each fiducial marker of the plurality of fiducial markers has a maximum diameter of between one-tenth and one-twentieth of the gage length. Periodic measurement of the fiducial marker positions is performed to monitor component strain.

A method of making a component with an integral strain indicator includes forming the component from a first material, where the component has an outer surface and an internal volume; and directly depositing a plurality of fiducial markers on a portion of the outer surface. The fiducial markers are formed from a second material that is compatible with the first material, and the portion of the outer surface defines an analysis region on the outer surface of the component. The analysis region defines a gage length, and each fiducial marker of the plurality of fiducial markers has a maximum diameter of between one-tenth and one-twentieth of the gage length. Periodic measurement of the fiducial marker positions is performed to monitor component strain.