A method for manufacturing a functionally graded composite material for a printed circuit board (PCB) is proposed. The method may include preparing two or more types of mixed powders with different contents of polymer or ceramic powder, each mixed powder comprising (i) a metal powder comprising a powder made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and a powder of magnesium and (ii) the polymer or ceramic powder. The method may also include laminating the two or more types of mixed powders to form a functionally graded laminate in which a ratio of the content of the polymer or ceramic powder to the content of the metal powder in each of layers stacked in sequence from bottom to the top of the laminate differs. The method may further include preparing a functionally graded composite material by sintering the functionally graded laminate by pressureless sintering or spark plasma sintering.

A method for manufacturing a functionally graded composite material for a printed circuit board (PCB) is proposed. The method may include preparing two or more types of mixed powders with different contents of polymer or ceramic powder, each mixed powder comprising (i) a metal powder comprising a powder made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and a powder of magnesium and (ii) the polymer or ceramic powder. The method may also include laminating the two or more types of mixed powders to form a functionally graded laminate in which a ratio of the content of the polymer or ceramic powder to the content of the metal powder in each of layers stacked in sequence from bottom to the top of the laminate differs. The method may further include preparing a functionally graded composite material by sintering the functionally graded laminate by pressureless sintering or spark plasma sintering.

A multi-material three-dimensional printing apparatus is provided. The provided apparatus includes two or more print stations. Each of the print stations includes a substrate, a transportation device, a dispersion device, a compaction device, a printing device, a fixing device, and a fluidized materials removal device. The apparatus also includes an assembly apparatus in communication with the two or more print stations via the transportation device. The apparatus also includes one or more transfer devices in communication with the assembly apparatus. The apparatus also includes a computing and controlling device configured to control the operations of the two or more print stations, the assembly apparatus and the one or more transfer devices.

A multi-material three-dimensional printing apparatus is provided. The provided apparatus includes two or more print stations. Each of the print stations includes a substrate, a transportation device, a dispersion device, a compaction device, a printing device, a fixing device, and a fluidized materials removal device. The apparatus also includes an assembly apparatus in communication with the two or more print stations via the transportation device. The apparatus also includes one or more transfer devices in communication with the assembly apparatus. The apparatus also includes a computing and controlling device configured to control the operations of the two or more print stations, the assembly apparatus and the one or more transfer devices.

A system may include a powder source; a powder delivery device; an energy delivery device; and a computing device. The computing device may be configured to: control the powder source to deliver metal powder to the powder delivery device; control the powder delivery device to deliver the metal powder to a surface of an abrasive coating; and control the energy delivery device to deliver energy to at least one of the abrasive coating or the metal powder to cause the metal powder to be joined to the abrasive coating.

A system may include a powder source; a powder delivery device; an energy delivery device; and a computing device. The computing device may be configured to: control the powder source to deliver metal powder to the powder delivery device; control the powder delivery device to deliver the metal powder to a surface of an abrasive coating; and control the energy delivery device to deliver energy to at least one of the abrasive coating or the metal powder to cause the metal powder to be joined to the abrasive coating.

A method for manufacturing a sintered body, the method including heating a mixture that contains a plurality of particles of a metal oxide having a spinel-type structure, and a metal acetylacetonate under pressure at a temperature of from a melting point or higher of the metal acetylacetonate to 600° C. or lower, to form a sintered body that contains the metal oxide having the spinel-type structure.

A method for manufacturing a sintered body, the method including heating a mixture that contains a plurality of particles of a metal oxide having a spinel-type structure, and a metal acetylacetonate under pressure at a temperature of from a melting point or higher of the metal acetylacetonate to 600° C. or lower, to form a sintered body that contains the metal oxide having the spinel-type structure.

The present application can provide a composite material which comprises a metal foam, a polymer component and an electrically conductive filler, has other excellent physical properties such as impact resistance, processability and insulation properties while having excellent thermal conductivity, and is also capable of controlling electrical conductivity characteristics.

A core-shell particle is provided, including a core particle composed of a non-reactive component, and a coating layer disposed about the core particle, the coating layer composed of reactive component. The reactive component is chemically reactive with water, acid, or base, and the non-reactive component is non-reactive with water, acid, or base. Also provided are a bulk composition composed of the core-shell particle, an article composed of the bulk composition, as well as method and system of making and using the particles, composition, and articles.