A nozzle includes a nozzle member includes a first passage, a second passage surrounding the first passage and configured to eject powder and fluid from an end portion, a diffusion room apart from the end portion and configured to supply the powder and the fluid to the second passage, and a supply path to supply the powder and the fluid to the diffusion room. A first inner surface of the nozzle member includes a first curved surface in a conical shape having a diameter decreasing toward the end portion. A second inner surface of the nozzle member includes a second curved surface in a conical shape having a diameter decreasing toward the end portion. The second passage is formed between the first curved surface and the second curved surface. The diffusion room is formed between the first inner surface and the second inner surface.

A nozzle includes a nozzle member includes a first passage, a second passage surrounding the first passage and configured to eject powder and fluid from an end portion, a diffusion room apart from the end portion and configured to supply the powder and the fluid to the second passage, and a supply path to supply the powder and the fluid to the diffusion room. A first inner surface of the nozzle member includes a first curved surface in a conical shape having a diameter decreasing toward the end portion. A second inner surface of the nozzle member includes a second curved surface in a conical shape having a diameter decreasing toward the end portion. The second passage is formed between the first curved surface and the second curved surface. The diffusion room is formed between the first inner surface and the second inner surface.

A nozzle includes a nozzle member includes a first passage, a second passage surrounding the first passage and configured to eject powder and fluid from an end portion, a diffusion room apart from the end portion and configured to supply the powder and the fluid to the second passage, and a supply path to supply the powder and the fluid to the diffusion room. A first inner surface of the nozzle member includes a first curved surface in a conical shape having a diameter decreasing toward the end portion. A second inner surface of the nozzle member includes a second curved surface in a conical shape having a diameter decreasing toward the end portion. The second passage is formed between the first curved surface and the second curved surface. The diffusion room is formed between the first inner surface and the second inner surface.

A laser calibration device for calibrating an energy beam used in additive manufacturing, the laser calibration device including a body configured to be disposed in an additive manufacturing process chamber; a cover for the body, the cover comprising a plurality of holes; a photodiode; and a coating disposed on the body and configured to optically couple the photodiode with the plurality of holes, wherein the photodiode is configured to sense one or more parameters of the energy beam for determining calibrating instructions for the energy beam.

A laser calibration device for calibrating an energy beam used in additive manufacturing, the laser calibration device including a body configured to be disposed in an additive manufacturing process chamber; a cover for the body, the cover comprising a plurality of holes; a photodiode; and a coating disposed on the body and configured to optically couple the photodiode with the plurality of holes, wherein the photodiode is configured to sense one or more parameters of the energy beam for determining calibrating instructions for the energy beam.

A three-dimensional deposition device includes a deposition head provided with a powder jetting port from which powder is jetted, a light beam irradiation port from which a light beam is emitted, and a fiber connection port connected to a fiber guiding the light beam; a head moving part that moves the deposition head along a vertical direction; a base part to which the powder is jetted and the light beam is emitted from the deposition head; a base moving part that moves the base part along a first direction orthogonal to the vertical direction and a second direction orthogonal to the vertical direction and the first direction; and a rotation mechanism that is connected to the deposition head and rotates the deposition head about a rotation axis crossing the vertical direction to switch, by rotating the deposition head, between a first state and a second state.

A three-dimensional deposition device includes a deposition head provided with a powder jetting port from which powder is jetted, a light beam irradiation port from which a light beam is emitted, and a fiber connection port connected to a fiber guiding the light beam; a head moving part that moves the deposition head along a vertical direction; a base part to which the powder is jetted and the light beam is emitted from the deposition head; a base moving part that moves the base part along a first direction orthogonal to the vertical direction and a second direction orthogonal to the vertical direction and the first direction; and a rotation mechanism that is connected to the deposition head and rotates the deposition head about a rotation axis crossing the vertical direction to switch, by rotating the deposition head, between a first state and a second state.

In an example implementation, a method of determining liquid agent amounts in 3D printing includes measuring density levels of a build material at locations across a build material layer and determining if the measured density levels vary from expected density levels. For locations where measured density levels vary from expected density levels, an adjusted liquid agent dose is determined, and for locations where measured density levels do not vary from expected density levels, an expected liquid agent dose is determined. The adjusted and expected liquid agent doses are deposited onto the layer at locations corresponding with the adjusted and expected liquid agent doses.

A three-dimensional deposition device and a three-dimensional deposition device method are provided. Included are: a powder passage and a nozzle injection opening that supply a powder toward a working surface of an object to be processed; a laser path that irradiates the powder with a laser beam to sinter or melt and solidify at least a part of the powder irradiated with the laser beam so as to form formed layers; a rotation table unit serving as an irradiation angle changing unit that changes an irradiation angle of the laser beam emitted from the laser path to the working surface; and a controller that controls the rotation table unit so that the irradiation angle on an overhanging side with respect to the working surface is less than 90° in a range in which the formed layers can be formed.

A three-dimensional deposition device and a three-dimensional deposition device method are provided. Included are: a powder passage and a nozzle injection opening that supply a powder toward a working surface of an object to be processed; a laser path that irradiates the powder with a laser beam to sinter or melt and solidify at least a part of the powder irradiated with the laser beam so as to form formed layers; a rotation table unit serving as an irradiation angle changing unit that changes an irradiation angle of the laser beam emitted from the laser path to the working surface; and a controller that controls the rotation table unit so that the irradiation angle on an overhanging side with respect to the working surface is less than 90° in a range in which the formed layers can be formed.