An L10-FeNi magnetic powder has an average particle size of 50 nm to 1 μm, and an average value of sphericity P of 0.9 or more. The sphericity P is defined as P=Ls/Lr, where Lr is a perimeter of an L10-FeNi magnetic powder particle on an image of a microscope, and Ls is a perimeter of a perfect circle that has a same area as the L10-FeNi magnetic powder particle on the image for which Lr is calculated.

An L10-FeNi magnetic powder has an average particle size of 50 nm to 1 μm, and an average value of sphericity P of 0.9 or more. The sphericity P is defined as P=Ls/Lr, where Lr is a perimeter of an L10-FeNi magnetic powder particle on an image of a microscope, and Ls is a perimeter of a perfect circle that has a same area as the L10-FeNi magnetic powder particle on the image for which Lr is calculated.

A method for producing a metal powder provided on the surface thereof with a glassy thin film, wherein a glassy substance is produced in the vicinity of the surface of the metal powder by spray pyrolysis from a solution that contains a thermally decomposable metal compound and a glass precursor that produces a glassy substance that does not form a solid solution with the metal produced from the metal compound by thermal decomposition, so as to form the metal powder provided on the surface thereof with the glassy thin film. The glass precursor is prepared such that the melting temperature Tm.sub.M of the metal and the liquid phase temperature Tm.sub.G of the mixed oxide of the glassy substance satisfy the following formula (1):
−100 [° C.]≤(Tm.sub.M−Tm.sub.G)≤500 [° C.]  (1).

A method for producing a metal powder provided on the surface thereof with a glassy thin film, wherein a glassy substance is produced in the vicinity of the surface of the metal powder by spray pyrolysis from a solution that contains a thermally decomposable metal compound and a glass precursor that produces a glassy substance that does not form a solid solution with the metal produced from the metal compound by thermal decomposition, so as to form the metal powder provided on the surface thereof with the glassy thin film. The glass precursor is prepared such that the melting temperature Tm.sub.M of the metal and the liquid phase temperature Tm.sub.G of the mixed oxide of the glassy substance satisfy the following formula (1):
−100 [° C.]≤(Tm.sub.M−Tm.sub.G)≤500 [° C.]  (1).

An FeNi ordered alloy has an L1.sub.0 ordered structure, a mean order degree of 0.4 or more throughout a material, and a coercivity of 87.5 kA/m or more. For example, a nitriding treatment of an FeNi random alloy is performed and then a nitriding treatment is performed to obtain an L1.sub.0-FeNi ordered alloy. A volume mean particle size of a FeNi random alloy is, for example, 45 nm or more, and a treatment temperature of the nitriding treatment is, for example, greater than or equal to 300 degrees Celsius and is less than or equal to 500 degrees Celsius, and a treatment period is, for example, 10 hours or longer.

An FeNi ordered alloy has an L1.sub.0 ordered structure, a mean order degree of 0.4 or more throughout a material, and a coercivity of 87.5 kA/m or more. For example, a nitriding treatment of an FeNi random alloy is performed and then a nitriding treatment is performed to obtain an L1.sub.0-FeNi ordered alloy. A volume mean particle size of a FeNi random alloy is, for example, 45 nm or more, and a treatment temperature of the nitriding treatment is, for example, greater than or equal to 300 degrees Celsius and is less than or equal to 500 degrees Celsius, and a treatment period is, for example, 10 hours or longer.

A manufacturing system for fabricating a three-dimensional article includes a housing, a sensor within the housing, a coater, a removable powder module (RPM) with a platen, a laser system, and a controller. A method of operating the manufacturing system includes installing the RPM into the housing, forming pillars onto the platen, positioning the top surfaces of the pillars a distance D below a build plane, installing a calibration plate onto the top surfaces of the pillars, and then calibrating the laser system using the sensor. The sensor can include one or more of an optical sensor and an acoustic sensor.

A manufacturing system for fabricating a three-dimensional article includes a housing, a sensor within the housing, a coater, a removable powder module (RPM) with a platen, a laser system, and a controller. A method of operating the manufacturing system includes installing the RPM into the housing, forming pillars onto the platen, positioning the top surfaces of the pillars a distance D below a build plane, installing a calibration plate onto the top surfaces of the pillars, and then calibrating the laser system using the sensor. The sensor can include one or more of an optical sensor and an acoustic sensor.

Described herein are kits, methods, and systems for printing metal three-dimensional objects. In an example, described is a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing comprising: a first fluid comprising a first liquid vehicle comprising metal or metal precursor particles; and a second fluid comprising a second liquid vehicle comprising latex polymer particles dispersed therein, wherein the latex polymer particles have an average particle size of from about 10 nm to about 300 nm, and wherein the metal or metal precursor particles comprise metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles and a reducing agent, or combinations thereof.

Described herein are kits, methods, and systems for printing metal three-dimensional objects. In an example, described is a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing comprising: a first fluid comprising a first liquid vehicle comprising metal or metal precursor particles; and a second fluid comprising a second liquid vehicle comprising latex polymer particles dispersed therein, wherein the latex polymer particles have an average particle size of from about 10 nm to about 300 nm, and wherein the metal or metal precursor particles comprise metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles and a reducing agent, or combinations thereof.