A method for real-time surface imperfection detection for additive manufacturing and 3-D printing parts is provided. The method includes directing a first light radiation using one or more illumination sources, wherein the first light radiation illuminates a target area of a part being manufactured in a uniform chromatic light such that the target area appears to have a substantially uniform monochromatic color; capturing a current image of a second light radiation that is scattered or reflected by the target area using one or more feedback cameras; and analyzing the current image of the second light radiation using at least one of the one or more feedback camera with a previously acquired image to determine whether a surface imperfection exists or does not exist.

An application step of applying an adhesive agent to an application area of a surface of a sintered R-T-B based magnet work, an adhesion step of allowing a particle size-adjusted powder that is composed of a powder of an alloy or a compound of a Pr—Ga alloy which is at least one of Dy and Tb to the application area of the surface of the sintered R-T-B based magnet work, and a diffusing step of heating it at a temperature which is equal to or lower than a sintering temperature of the sintered R-T-B based magnet work to allow the Pr—Ga alloy contained in the particle size-adjusted powder to diffuse from the surface into the interior of the sintered R-T-B based magnet work are included. The particle size of the particle size-adjusted powder is set so that, when powder particles composing the particle size-adjusted powder are placed on the entire surface of the sintered R-T-B based magnet work to form a particle layer which is not less than one layer and not more than three layers, the amount of Ga contained in the particle size-adjusted powder is in a range from 0.10 to 1.0% with respect to the sintered R-T-B based magnet work by mass ratio.

The lamination molding apparatus includes an irradiator, a processing device, a cooling device, and an inert gas supply source. The irradiator irradiates a laser beam or an electron beam to a material layer to form a solidified layer. The processing device includes a processing head for holding a tool, and a processing head driver for moving the processing head in at least a horizontal direction. The cooling device is arranged in the processing head and cools a solidified body formed by laminating the solidified layers to a cooling temperature. The cooling device includes a cold gas discharger having a cold gas discharge port for discharging a cold gas being an inert gas having a temperature equal to or lower than the cooling temperature, and discharging the cold gas toward the solidified body. The inert gas supply source supplies the inert gas to the cold gas discharger.

The lamination molding apparatus includes an irradiator, a processing device, a cooling device, and an inert gas supply source. The irradiator irradiates a laser beam or an electron beam to a material layer to form a solidified layer. The processing device includes a processing head for holding a tool, and a processing head driver for moving the processing head in at least a horizontal direction. The cooling device is arranged in the processing head and cools a solidified body formed by laminating the solidified layers to a cooling temperature. The cooling device includes a cold gas discharger having a cold gas discharge port for discharging a cold gas being an inert gas having a temperature equal to or lower than the cooling temperature, and discharging the cold gas toward the solidified body. The inert gas supply source supplies the inert gas to the cold gas discharger.

A system for preparing nanoscale zero-valent iron by reverse filtration in a non-open inert atmosphere is provided including an inert gas bottle, a gas monitoring and buffering device, a main reaction device configured as a three-necked flask, a condensing device including a condenser tube and a cold source, a waste liquid collecting device configured as a waste liquid collecting bottle, a liquid sealing device including a second liquid sealing bottle connected with the waste liquid collecting bottle through a first connecting-pipe, and an extraction pressure adjusting device including a third triple valve and a vacuum pump, all of which are connected by pipelines in sequence. Three necks of the three-necked flask are respectively provided with a first triple valve, a single-hole rubber plug pierced with a liquid-taking pipe, and a second triple valve. The second liquid sealing bottle is connected with the third triple valve.

An additive manufacturing apparatus of the disclosure includes: a data acquiring device which acquires at least one of first data showing an irradiation state of a laser beam, second data showing an inert gas state, and third data showing a formation state of a material layer and fourth data showing a manufacturing position state; and a determination device which determines whether or not there is an abnormality in a manufacturing state of a solidified layer based on the fourth data and identifies factors of abnormalities from the operating state of the additive manufacturing apparatus to the manufacturing state of the solidified layer based on at least one of the acquired first to third data.

A container arrangement of an unpacking device for a manufacturing device for additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional component is provided. The container arrangement includes a construction container with a construction chamber, and a collecting container that is releasably connected to the construction container and has a collecting chamber. The construction container has a container cover that, in the closed state, seals off the construction chamber and an inert atmosphere located therein from the surroundings. A collecting-container-side part of an interior of the container arrangement is provided inside the container arrangement. The container arrangement further includes an opening device that can be used, with the collecting-container-side part of the interior of the container arrangement being filled with an inert atmosphere, to open the closed container cover of the construction container and thereby to connect the construction chamber of the construction container to the collecting chamber of the collecting container.

A method for producing a three-dimensional object includes applying a build material layer by layer to a build platform, generating at least one beam for solidifying the build material, feeding the at least one beam to the build material using at least one beam guiding element, and generating a primary gas flow along the build platform using a process assistance device. The process assistance device includes a centre module and at least one outer module aligned with the centre module, so that a section over which primary gas flows is formed between the centre module and the at least one outer module. The method further includes generating a secondary gas flow that is aligned onto and fed to the build platform using a feed device above the build platform, so that a section along which the secondary gas flows is created between the feed device and the process assistance device.

A method for producing a three-dimensional object includes applying a build material layer by layer to a build platform, generating at least one beam for solidifying the build material, feeding the at least one beam to the build material using at least one beam guiding element, and generating a primary gas flow along the build platform using a process assistance device. The process assistance device includes a centre module and at least one outer module aligned with the centre module, so that a section over which primary gas flows is formed between the centre module and the at least one outer module. The method further includes generating a secondary gas flow that is aligned onto and fed to the build platform using a feed device above the build platform, so that a section along which the secondary gas flows is created between the feed device and the process assistance device.

A method for forming a three-dimensional article through successive fusion of parts of a metal powder bed is provided, comprising the steps of: distributing a first metal powder layer on a work table inside a build chamber, directing at least one high energy beam from at least one high energy beam source over the work table causing the first metal powder layer to fuse in selected locations, distributing a second metal powder layer on the work table, directing at least one high energy beam over the work table causing the second metal powder layer to fuse in selected locations, introducing a first supplementary gas into the build chamber, which first supplementary gas comprising hydrogen, is capable of reacting chemically with or being absorbed by a finished three-dimensional article, and releasing a predefined concentration of the gas which had reacted chemically with or being absorbed by the finished three dimensional article.