An iron-based powder for powder metallurgy includes an iron-based powder and a composite oxide powder, and the composite oxide contains, by mass, from 15% to 30% Si, from 9% to 18% Al, from 3% to 6% B, from 0.5% to 3% Mg, from 2% to 6% Ca, from 0.01% to 1% Sr, and from 45% to 55% O.

The present invention discloses a conductive silver aluminum paste, a preparation method, an electrode, and an N-type Topcon battery. The conductive silver aluminum paste comprises silver powder, metal powder containing aluminum element, powder containing silicon or boron element, glass powder, and organic carrier; wherein, when defining the total weight of the conductive silver aluminum paste as 100%, the weight percentage content of each component is: silver powder 80.0%-90.0%, metal powder containing aluminum element 0.5%-3.0%; powder containing silicon or boron element 0.1%-1.0%; glass powder 1.5%-6.0%; organic carrier 7.0%-15.0%. The present invention meets requirements for electrode materials of current development of N-type Topcon batteries well, and has advantages of low contact resistances, high open circuit voltages, high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and high output power.

An iron-based powder for powder metallurgy includes an iron-based powder and a composite oxide powder, and the composite oxide contains, by mass, from 15% to 30% Si, from 9% to 18% Al, from 3% to 6% B, from 0.5% to 3% Mg, from 2% to 6% Ca, from 0.01% to 1% Sr, and from 45% to 55% O.

The invention relates to a method for forming powder particles, wherein the method comprises feeding a start material mixture including more than one constituents in the form of granules into a reactor comprising a reaction zone and a heat source, performing thermal synthesis in the reaction zone in which the start material mixture is moved and the constituents of the start material mixture react in the presence of heat so that the reaction is started by means of heat of the reactor and energy of the start material mixture is released in the form of heat in order to achieve the reaction, and producing powder particles during the reaction. Further, the invention relates to a powder particle product.

The mixed powder for iron-based powder metallurgy of the present invention comprises a powder containing calcium sulfate anhydrite II such that the CaS weight ratio after sintering is 0.01 wt % or more to 0.1 wt % or less. The powder containing calcium sulfate anhydrite II preferably has a volume-average particle size of 0.1 m or more to 60 m or less and preferably additionally contains one or more ternary oxides selected from the group consisting of CaAlSi oxides and CaMgSi oxides. The weight ratio of the ternary oxides and CaS after the sintering is preferably 3:7 to 9:1.

Provided is an internal electrode composition of a multi-layer ceramic capacitor for a vehicle, which includes metal powder and a ceramic base substance, wherein the metal powder includes Ni of 79 to 91.9% by weight (wt %), and Sn of 0.1 to 2.0 wt %, and the ceramic base substance includes BaTiO.sub.3 of 7.5 to 15 wt %, and MgCO.sub.3 of 0.5 to 4.0 wt %, and a specific surface area of MgCO.sub.3 is greater than a specific surface area of BaTiO.sub.3.

Provided are a wiring material for a semiconductor device, the wiring material including a boride-based compound containing boron and at least one metal selected from elements of Groups 2 to 14, a wiring for a semiconductor device including the same, and a semiconductor device including the wiring containing the wiring material.

A mixed powder for powder metallurgy of the present disclosure includes a metal powder and a graphite powder. The graphite powder includes a spherical graphite powder. Particles of the spherical graphite powder each have an aspect ratio of 4 or less, where the aspect ratio is a ratio of a major axis length to a minor axis length. A content ratio of the spherical graphite powder to the graphite powder is 70% or greater. The graphite powder has an apparent density of 0.2 g/cm.sup.3 or greater. The graphite powder has a tap density of 0.5 g/cm.sup.3 or greater.

A method for surface treatment of a metal material in a powder state is provided, the method including obtaining a powder formed from a plurality of particles of the metal material to be treated; and subjecting the powder to an ion implantation process by directing a beam of singly-charged or multi-charged ions towards an outer surface of the particles, the beam being produced by a source of singly-charged or multi-charged ions, whereby the particles have an overall spherical shape with a radius (R). There is also provided a material in a powder state formed from a plurality of particles having a ceramic outer layer and a metal core, the particles having an overall spherical shape.