In some embodiments, a coating applied to steel reinforcement bar (e.g., steel rebar) that could considerably extend the lifetime of concrete structures by reducing steel rebar corrosion is disclosed. The coating includes a thin, passivating steel (e.g., stainless steel) layer that is applied to the outside of conventional steel rebar. The coating can be applied in-line through metal cold spray manufacturing, which is a high throughput coating technique that can be integrated into existing steel manufacturing plants. Furthermore, a novel, high performance ferritic steel with tailored resistance to corrosion from chlorides is described. The new ferritic steel is distinct from other commercial and experimental steels, and is better suited for coating low-cost steel structures like rebar. Multiple alloying elements including Cr, Al, and Si will each form protective oxides independently, increasing the total amount of protection and extending it over much wider ranges of pH and electrical potential.

In some embodiments, a coating applied to steel reinforcement bar (e.g., steel rebar) that could considerably extend the lifetime of concrete structures by reducing steel rebar corrosion is disclosed. The coating includes a thin, passivating steel (e.g., stainless steel) layer that is applied to the outside of conventional steel rebar. The coating can be applied in-line through metal cold spray manufacturing, which is a high throughput coating technique that can be integrated into existing steel manufacturing plants. Furthermore, a novel, high performance ferritic steel with tailored resistance to corrosion from chlorides is described. The new ferritic steel is distinct from other commercial and experimental steels, and is better suited for coating low-cost steel structures like rebar. Multiple alloying elements including Cr, Al, and Si will each form protective oxides independently, increasing the total amount of protection and extending it over much wider ranges of pH and electrical potential.

Provided is a valve seat insert for an internal combustion engine, which has both an excellent heat dissipation property and excellent wear resistance. The valve seat insert for an internal combustion engine is used while being press-fitted into an aluminum alloy cylinder head, is made of an iron-based sintered alloy, is formed by integrating two layers of a functional member side layer and a supporting member side layer, and has a plating film on at least an outer peripheral side. The plating film is preferably a copper plating film. The plating film is a plating film having a thickness of 1 to 100 μm and a hardness of 50 to 300 HV, and the hardness of the plating film is adjusted so as to satisfy a range of 1.05 to 4.5 times hardness of the cylinder head in Vickers hardness HV. Pores contained in the valve seat insert are preferably sealed with a curable resin before plating treatment. Consequently, a valve seat insert for an internal combustion engine which does not go through complicated processes, is not accompanied by a significant decrease in wear resistance compared with the prior art, and has an excellent heat dissipation property is provided. If a roughened surface region is further formed at at least one portion on the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat insert in addition to the plating film, a falling out resistance property is improved. The same effect can be obtained even if the valve seat insert is a single layer of only the functional member side layer.

Provided is a valve seat insert for an internal combustion engine, which has both an excellent heat dissipation property and excellent wear resistance. The valve seat insert for an internal combustion engine is used while being press-fitted into an aluminum alloy cylinder head, is made of an iron-based sintered alloy, is formed by integrating two layers of a functional member side layer and a supporting member side layer, and has a plating film on at least an outer peripheral side. The plating film is preferably a copper plating film. The plating film is a plating film having a thickness of 1 to 100 μm and a hardness of 50 to 300 HV, and the hardness of the plating film is adjusted so as to satisfy a range of 1.05 to 4.5 times hardness of the cylinder head in Vickers hardness HV. Pores contained in the valve seat insert are preferably sealed with a curable resin before plating treatment. Consequently, a valve seat insert for an internal combustion engine which does not go through complicated processes, is not accompanied by a significant decrease in wear resistance compared with the prior art, and has an excellent heat dissipation property is provided. If a roughened surface region is further formed at at least one portion on the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat insert in addition to the plating film, a falling out resistance property is improved. The same effect can be obtained even if the valve seat insert is a single layer of only the functional member side layer.

Some variations provide a metal matrix nanocomposite composition comprising metal-containing microparticles and nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are chemically and/or physically disposed on surfaces of the microparticles, and wherein the nanoparticles are consolidated in a three-dimensional architecture throughout the composition. The composition may serve as an ingot for producing a metal matrix nanocomposite. Other variations provide a functionally graded metal matrix nanocomposite comprising a metal-matrix phase and a reinforcement phase containing nanoparticles, wherein the nanocomposite contains a gradient in concentration of the nanoparticles. This nanocomposite may be or be converted into a master alloy. Other variations provide methods of making a metal matrix nanocomposite, methods of making a functionally graded metal matrix nanocomposite, and methods of making a master alloy metal matrix nanocomposite. The metal matrix nanocomposite may have a cast microstructure. The methods disclosed enable various loadings of nanoparticles in metal matrix nanocomposites with a wide variety of compositions.

Some variations provide a metal matrix nanocomposite composition comprising metal-containing microparticles and nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are chemically and/or physically disposed on surfaces of the microparticles, and wherein the nanoparticles are consolidated in a three-dimensional architecture throughout the composition. The composition may serve as an ingot for producing a metal matrix nanocomposite. Other variations provide a functionally graded metal matrix nanocomposite comprising a metal-matrix phase and a reinforcement phase containing nanoparticles, wherein the nanocomposite contains a gradient in concentration of the nanoparticles. This nanocomposite may be or be converted into a master alloy. Other variations provide methods of making a metal matrix nanocomposite, methods of making a functionally graded metal matrix nanocomposite, and methods of making a master alloy metal matrix nanocomposite. The metal matrix nanocomposite may have a cast microstructure. The methods disclosed enable various loadings of nanoparticles in metal matrix nanocomposites with a wide variety of compositions.

A paramagnetic stainless steel with a chemical composition including by weight: 26≤Cr≤40%, 5≤Ni≤20%, 0≤Mn≤5%, 0≤Al≤5%, 0≤Mo≤3%, 0≤Cu≤2%, 0≤Si≤5%, 0≤Ti≤1%, 0≤Nb≤1%, 0≤C≤0.1%, 0≤N≤0.1%, 0≤S≤0.5%, 0≤P≤0.1%, the remainder consisting of iron and any impurities each having a content less than or equal to 0.5%, the steel having a hardness HV10 between 500 and 900. It also relates to a part particularly a horological component made of this steel and to the process for manufacturing the part.

A method of making a cutting tool includes providing a first sintered cemented carbide body of a WC, a metallic binder phase and eta phase and wherein the substoichiometric carbon content in the cemented carbide is between −0.30 to −0.16 wt %. The first sintered cemented carbide body is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of between 500 to 830° C. for a time between 1 to 24 h. A cutting tool made according to the above method having an increased resistance against comb cracks is also provided.

A method of making a cutting tool includes providing a first sintered cemented carbide body of a WC, a metallic binder phase and eta phase and wherein the substoichiometric carbon content in the cemented carbide is between −0.30 to −0.16 wt %. The first sintered cemented carbide body is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of between 500 to 830° C. for a time between 1 to 24 h. A cutting tool made according to the above method having an increased resistance against comb cracks is also provided.

There is provided a method of treating a nickel base super alloy (NiSa) article. First, the NiSa article having fine grains is obtained. The NiSa article has a uniform distribution of the fine grains and substantially uniform mechanical properties throughout. One or more regions within the NiSa article are mechanically deformed. Then, the NiSa article is heat treated to obtain coarse grains in the one or more regions, the coarse grains having a size that is larger than that of the fine grains of the NiSa article outside of the one or more regions.