One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to bladders that incorporate a multi-layer optical film that impart a structural color to the bladder. The present disclosure is also directed to articles including the bladders having a multi-layer optical film, and methods for making articles and bladders having a multi-layer optical film.

It is possible to improve workpiece machining efficiency by efficiently receiving and delivering a workpiece from/to each workpiece holder and shortening a time required for workpiece conveyance. A workpiece conveyance system is a workpiece conveyance system that receives and delivers workpieces W to be machined to n spindles (workpiece holders, where n is an integer satisfying n≥2) that hold and rotate the workpieces W, and includes a main loader including n+m main loader chucks (where m is an integer satisfying m≥1) that receive and deliver workpieces from/to the n spindles or n relay loaders disposed corresponding to the n respective spindles to receive and deliver the workpieces W from/to the main shafts.

It is possible to improve workpiece machining efficiency by efficiently receiving and delivering a workpiece from/to each workpiece holder and shortening a time required for workpiece conveyance. A workpiece conveyance system is a workpiece conveyance system that receives and delivers workpieces W to be machined to n spindles (workpiece holders, where n is an integer satisfying n≥2) that hold and rotate the workpieces W, and includes a main loader including n+m main loader chucks (where m is an integer satisfying m≥1) that receive and deliver workpieces from/to the n spindles or n relay loaders disposed corresponding to the n respective spindles to receive and deliver the workpieces W from/to the main shafts.

A machine tool includes a plurality of modules, and a control means for controlling operation of the modules, wherein the plurality of modules include a fixed module and two movable modules. The control means includes a restriction means for restricting the movement of the two movable modules for allowing only one of the movable modules to be moved to a facing position facing the fixed module; and a determination means for determining the movable module to be moved to the facing position. The control means is configured to control the operation of the plurality of modules so that, when the operation under cooperation of the fixed module and one of the movable modules has been completed, the restriction means releases the restriction of the movement of the other movable module to the facing position.

A machine tool includes a plurality of modules, and a control means for controlling operation of the modules, wherein the plurality of modules include a fixed module and two movable modules. The control means includes a restriction means for restricting the movement of the two movable modules for allowing only one of the movable modules to be moved to a facing position facing the fixed module; and a determination means for determining the movable module to be moved to the facing position. The control means is configured to control the operation of the plurality of modules so that, when the operation under cooperation of the fixed module and one of the movable modules has been completed, the restriction means releases the restriction of the movement of the other movable module to the facing position.

A machine tool, in particular a lathe, including a machine frame having an upper tool carrier support portion, a lower tool carrier support portion and a spindle carrier portion arranged between the upper and lower tool carrier support portions, a spindle carrier, being arranged on or at a height of the spindle carrier portion of the machine frame, supporting a main spindle configured to receive a workpiece W, the main spindle having a horizontally arranged spindle axis, one or more tool carriers, each tool carrier being supported on a tool carrier assembly being arranged on either the upper tool carrier support portion or the lower tool carrier support portion of the machine frame. Wherein a lower side-surface of the lower tool carrier support portion, to which the one or more tool carriers are mountable, is arranged to have an overhanging inclination.

A machine tool, in particular a lathe, including a machine frame having an upper tool carrier support portion, a lower tool carrier support portion and a spindle carrier portion arranged between the upper and lower tool carrier support portions, a spindle carrier, being arranged on or at a height of the spindle carrier portion of the machine frame, supporting a main spindle configured to receive a workpiece W, the main spindle having a horizontally arranged spindle axis, one or more tool carriers, each tool carrier being supported on a tool carrier assembly being arranged on either the upper tool carrier support portion or the lower tool carrier support portion of the machine frame. Wherein a lower side-surface of the lower tool carrier support portion, to which the one or more tool carriers are mountable, is arranged to have an overhanging inclination.

There is provided a combined processing machine including: a first workpiece main spindle device and a second workpiece main spindle device including a main spindle stand configured to rotatably hold a main spindle about an axis; a first turret device and a second turret device including a turret configured to attach multiple turret tools disposed above the first workpiece main spindle device and the second workpiece main spindle device; a tool main spindle device disposed between the first turret device and the second turret device and including a main spindle head configured to exchangeably and rotatably hold a main spindle head tool; and two separation shutters configured to partition between the first turret device and the second turret device, on both sides of the tool main spindle device in a width direction.

There is provided a combined processing machine including: a first workpiece main spindle device and a second workpiece main spindle device including a main spindle stand configured to rotatably hold a main spindle about an axis; a first turret device and a second turret device including a turret configured to attach multiple turret tools disposed above the first workpiece main spindle device and the second workpiece main spindle device; a tool main spindle device disposed between the first turret device and the second turret device and including a main spindle head configured to exchangeably and rotatably hold a main spindle head tool; and two separation shutters configured to partition between the first turret device and the second turret device, on both sides of the tool main spindle device in a width direction.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to components having an optical element that imparts structural color to the component or article. The present disclosure is also directed to articles of manufacture including the component having an optical element, and methods for making components and articles having an optical element that imparts structural color.