A cutting tool comprises a substrate and a coating layer provided on the substrate, the coating layer including a multilayer structure layer composed of a first unit layer and a second unit layer, and a lone layer, the lone layer including cubic Ti.sub.zAl.sub.1-zN crystal grains, an atomic ratio z of Ti in the Ti.sub.zAl.sub.1-zN being 0.4 or more and less than 0.55, the lone layer having a thickness with an average value of 2.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, the multilayer structure layer having a thickness with an average value of 40 nm or more and 95 nm or less, one multilayer structure layer and one lone layer forming a repetitive unit having a thickness with an average value of 50 nm to 100 nm, a maximum value of 90 nm to 110 nm, and a minimum value of 40 nm to 60 nm.

A cemented carbide may include a hard phase including W and C, and a binder phase including cubic Co. The binder phase may include Zr. The Co may include a lattice constant of more than 3.5575 and not more than 3.5600 . A coated tool may include a coating layer located on a surface of the cemented carbide. A cutting tool may include a holder that is extended from a first end toward a second end and may include a pocket on a side of the first end, and the coated tool located in the pocket.

A surface-coated cutting tool has excellent welding resistance and fracturing resistance and comprises a hard coating layer, including at least a lower layer and an upper layer, formed on a surface of a cutting tool body. The lower layer is formed of one layer or two or more layers of a TiC layer, a TiN layer, a TiCN layer, a TiCO layer, and a TiCNO layer. The upper layer is found as an Al.sub.2O.sub.3 layer on a surface of the lower layer. On at least an outermost surface of the upper layer of a rake face, a zirconium oxide layer is formed in an area ratio of 30% to 70%. The Al.sub.2O.sub.3 layer on the rake face has a tensile residual stress of 10 to 200 MPa and a surface roughness Ra is 0.25 m or less.

A method for controlling flow localization in machining process is disclosed. By application of a constraint of sufficient level in the deformation zone and modifying the surface boundary conditions, suppression of unsteady flow and flow instabilities is achieved. The method enhances machined component quality by ensuring a uniform deformation state on the machined surface. Machined components are produced by ensuing uniform deformation by adopting constrained-cutting process for suppressing the instabilities and unsteady flow through a pre-determined location of the constraint of the constrained machining process relative to the machining tool.

A turning insert includes a top surface, an opposite bottom surface and a reference plane located parallel to and between the top surface and the bottom surface. A nose portion has a convex nose cutting edge, a first cutting edge and a second cutting edge. The nose cutting edge connects the first and second cutting edges. The first and second cutting edges form a nose angle () of 71-85 relative to each other. The nose portion includes a third convex cutting edge adjacent to the first cutting edge and a fourth cutting edge adjacent to the third convex cutting edge. The fourth cutting edge forms an angle () of 10-30 relative to a bisector. The distance from at least a portion of the fourth cutting edge to the reference plane increases as the distance from the nose cutting edge increases.

The subject invention is directed to metal working operations and, more particularly, to machining heat resistant super alloys (HRSAs) such as titanium alloys with polycrystalline diamond cutting inserts sintered on a carbide substrate. Using at least one cutting insert mounted upon a rotary toolholder and wherein the at least one cutting insert has a substrate with a top layer of PCD secured thereto over no less than 1/3 of a substrate top surface, a method of machining heat resistant super alloys (HRSAs) is made up of the steps of rotating the rotary toolholder such that an insert surface speed rate is above 50 meters per minute and adjusting a tool feed rate (advance per tooth per revolution) and/or radial engagement of the toolholder such that the machining operation produces chips having a thickness of approximately 0.050-0.200 millimeters.

A coated tool may include a base member and a coating layer located on the base member. The coating layer may include a plurality of AlTi layers including aluminum and titanium as a main component, and a plurality of AlCr layers including aluminum and chromium as a main component. The AlTi layers and the AlCr layers may be located alternately one upon another. The plurality of AlTi layers may include a first AlTi layer and a second AlTi layer located farther away from the base member than the first AlTi layer. Each of the plurality of AlTi layers may further include chromium, and a content ratio of chromium in the second AlTi layer may be higher than a content ratio of chromium in the first AlTi layer.

A lubricant material for assisting machining process comprising fullerene.

A tool having a cutting edge that includes a sintered body containing cubic boron nitride. The sintered body integrally and inseparably includes an inner region and a binder phase enriched layer formed on at least part of a surface of the inner region. The inner region includes: 15-90 volume % of cubic boron nitride; and 10-85 volume % of a mixture of a binder phase and impurities. The binder phase enriched layer includes: 90-100 volume % of the binder phase and impurities mixture; and 0-10 volume % of cubic boron nitride; and the binder phase contains at least one kind selected from the group consisting of: at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Al, Co, Ni and Si; and a compound of the element and at least one element selected from the group consisting of C, N, O and B.

A coated tool include a first surface, a second surface which is adjacent to the first surface, and a cutting edge which is located on at least a portion of a ridge between the first surface and the second surface. The coated tool further includes a substrate, and a coating layer that is located on the substrate. The coating layer includes a titanium carbonitride layer and an aluminum oxide layer which has an -type crystalline structure. The titanium carbonitride layer is located nearer to the substrate than the aluminum oxide layer. When a value represented by the following equation is taken to be an orientation factor Tc(hkl) on the basis of peaks of the aluminum oxide layer analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis, a ratio (Tcf(104)/Tcf(012)) of orientation factors Tcf(104) to Tcf(012) of the coating layer on the second surface is higher than a ratio (Tcr(104)/Tcr(012)) of orientation factors Tcr(104) and Tcr(012) of the coating layer on the first surface: Tc(hkl)={I(hkl)/I.sub.0(hkl)}/[(1/7){I(HKL)/I.sub.0 (HKL)}].