According to one implementation, a drill has at least one cutting edge. A projected shape of a passing area of a ridgeline of the at least one cutting edge when the at least one cutting edge is rotated around a tool axis becomes a line-symmetric and discontinuous line along a parabola, two parabolas, an ellipse or two ellipses. The projected shape is drawn on a projection plane parallel to the tool axis.

A drill has a body extended along a rotation axis from a first end toward a second end. The body has an outer peripheral surface, a cutting edge, a flank surface, and a flute. The cutting edge has a first cutting edge, a second cutting edge extended from the first cutting edge, and a third cutting edge extended from the second cutting edge. The flank surface has a first flank surface which is located along the first cutting edge and has a first clearance angle, a second flank surface which is located along the second cutting edge and has a second clearance angle, and a third flank surface which is located along the third cutting edge and has a third clearance angle. The second clearance angle is smaller than each of the first clearance angle and the third clearance angle.

A cutting insert may include a base, a cutting edge and a flute. The base may include a rotation axis and may be extended from a first end to a second end. The cutting edge may be located on a side of the first end. The flute may be extended from the cutting edge toward the second end. The cutting edge may include a first cutting edge and a second cutting edge. The first cutting edge may intersect with the rotation axis in a front view. The second cutting edge may be located closer to an outer periphery than the first cutting edge, and a rake angle of the second cutting edge may have a positive value. The first cutting edge may be formed by round honing, and the second cutting edge may be formed by chamfer honing.

The drill head (2) extends along a rotational axis (24) in the axial direction (22) and has a central area (6) on the front with first main cutting edges (26), an intermediate area (8) connecting thereto, and an outer area (10) in turn connecting thereto with second main cutting edges (30). The intermediate area (8) in this case expands in the axial direction (22) toward the outer area (10) and in particular forms an expanding conical shell. A centering effect is hereby achieved via the intermediate area (8).

In a drill, a negative hind is provided on a rake face, and a ridge line at an intersecting position of the negative land and a flank face, a ridge line at an intersecting position of the flank face and a margin, and a ridge line at an intersecting position of the negative land and the margin are convex faces in a longitudinal rectangular cross section. When a curvature radius of the convex face of a first ridge line at the intersecting position of the flank face and the negative land is 1, at curvature radius of the convex face of a second ridge line at the intersecting position of the flank face and the margin is 0.8 to 1.5 times the curvature radius of the first ridge line, and a curvature radius of the convex face of a fourth ridge line at the intersecting position of the negative land and the margin is 1.5 to 3.0 times the curvature radius of the first ridge line.

A drill comprising: a drill main body; a chip discharge flute; and a tip cutting edge. The tip cutting edge includes: a first tip cutting edge which extends toward the axially posterior end as it goes toward the outside in a radial direction; and a second tip cutting edge which is disposed outside the first tip cutting edge in the radial direction. The second tip cutting edge extends toward the tip in the axis direction as it goes toward the outside in the radial direction or extends to be perpendicular to the axis. The radially inner end of the second tip cutting edge is disposed on the axially posterior end with respect to the radially outer end of the first tip cutting edge. The radially outer end of the second tip cutting edge is disposed on a virtual extension line of the first tip cutting edge.

Provided is a drill having a flat-shaped drill tip and excellent in cutting edge strength and chip removability. The drill includes: a cutting edge extending in a direction at an angle α of not less than 85° and not more than 90° with respect to a drill axis (line O-O); a flank face contiguous to the cutting edge and having a clearance angle β of not less than 5° and not more than 10° with respect to the drill axis (line O-O); and a rake face located opposite to the flank face across the cutting edge, the cutting edge includes a recess receding in a direction parallel to the drill axis (line O-O), and the rake face includes a front clearance formed at a side of an outer periphery of the drill.

A cutting head rotatable about a central axis, comprising a tip portion and an intermediate portion. The tip portion has an axially forwardmost tip point contained in the central axis and three axially forward facing front surfaces forming three chisel edges extending axially rearwardly away from the tip point, each front surface having a radially extending cutting edge comprising a secondary cutting-edge portion extending radially outwardly from one of the chisel edges, and a primary cutting-edge portion extending radially outwardly therefrom. Each primary cutting-edge portion is contained in an imaginary annular ring surface having an annular ring width spanning at least radially inner and outer end points thereof. In a front-end view of the cutting head, each primary cutting-edge portion is concave, and radial planes intersect the imaginary annular surface to form imaginary rectilinear lines, each having a length equal to the annular ring width.

A drill includes a bar-shaped drill body, a major cutting edge which is located at a front end of the drill body and has a straight-line region in a front view, a rake surface located along the major cutting edge, and a chip discharge flute being extended spirally around a rotation axis of the drill body in a direction from the rake surface toward a rear end of the drill body. The rake surface has a flat region located along the straight-line region.

One example of the present disclosure relates to a coupon. The coupon includes a first surface with a first circular channel and a second surface opposite and parallel to the first surface. The second surface is spaced a distance D0 from the first surface and includes a second circular channel concentric with the first circular channel. The coupon also includes a toroidal portion between the first circular channel and the second circular channel. The toroidal portion includes a rectangular sectional portion.