A forming tool for forming leading edges of turbine blades is disclosed. In various embodiments, a forming tool may comprise a cylindrically-shaped body having a notch around the circumference of the cylindrically-shaped body. The notch may be positioned perpendicularly to a center axis of the cylindrically-shaped body. Further, the notch may have a notch contour with an upper notch contour and a lower notch contour, and where the notch contour is a relief of a selected turbine blade leading edge. The forming tool may be a grinding tool or a cutting tool. Moreover, a forming process may comprise forming, by a forming tool, a first portion of a turbine blade leading edge with a rough edge result, and forming, by a milling cutter, a second portion of the turbine blade leading edge with a rough edge result.

A coated tool of the present invention includes a base material; and a hard coating film on the base material. The hard coating film is a nitride or carbonitride which contains aluminum (Al) of 65 atomic % or more and 90 atomic % or less and titanium (Ti) of 10 atomic % or more and 35 atomic % or less with respect to a total amount of metal (including metalloid) elements, and have a face-centered cubic structure. In the X-ray intensity distribution of the ? axis of the positive pole figure with respect to the (111) plane of the face-centered cubic structure, the hard coating film have a maximum intensity Ia in the ? angle range of 80? to 90? and an intensity in the ? angle range of 0? to 70? is 30% or less of the Ia.

A hard lubrication film, with which a surface of a base material is coated, has two or more alternately laminated layers that are one or more A-layers made of (Cr.sub.aMo.sub.bW.sub.cV.sub.dB.sub.e).sub.1x.sub.yC.sub.xN.sub.y and one or more B-layers made of (Cr.sub.aMo.sub.bW.sub.cV.sub.dB.sub.e).sub.1xyzC.sub.xN.sub.yO.sub.z. Atom ratios a, b, c, d, e=1abcd, x+y, and y related to A-layers satisfy 0.2a0.7, 0.05b0.6, 0c0.3, 0d0.05, 0e0.05, 0.3x+y0.6, and 0y0.6, respectively. Atom ratios a, b, c, d, e=1abcd, x, y, z, and x+y+z related to B-layers satisfy 0.2a0.7, 0.05b0.6, 0c0.3, 0d0.05, 0e0.05, 0x0.6, 0y0.6, 0<z0.6, and 0.3x+y+z0.6, respectively. Each A-layer has a film thickness within a range of 2 nm or more to 1000 nm or less, each B-layer has a film thickness within a range of 2 nm or more to 500 nm or less, and wherein the hard lubrication film has a total film thickness within a range of 0.1 m or more to 10.0 m or less.

A cutting insert includes a base body and a coating layer, and also includes a rake surface, a flank surface, and a cutting edge located along an intersecting ridge therebetween. The rake surface includes an outer peripheral part and a middle part protruded relative to the outer peripheral part. The middle part includes a constraining surface. The outer peripheral part includes a first breaker part, a second breaker part, and the third breaker part adjacent to the constraining surface. The constraining surface is configured by the base body and the coating layer does not exist at the constraining surface. A skewness Rsk of a roughness curve at the constraining surface is ?1.5 ?m to ?0.5 ?m. A skewness Rsk at the third breaker part is ?0.2 ?m or less. The skewness Rsk at the constraining surface is smaller than the skewness Rsk at the third breaker part.

A surface-coated cutting tool includes a substrate composed of cemented carbide and a coating film. The coating film includes an intermediate layer in contact with the substrate and an upper layer formed on the intermediate layer. The upper layer is made up of a single layer consisting of an upper base layer which is a layer in contact with the intermediate layer or multiple layers constituted of two or more layers. A mismatch in lattice interplanar spacing in an interface region between the substrate and the intermediate layer is not higher than 65% of a theoretical value of a mismatch in lattice interplanar spacing between the substrate and the upper base layer. A mismatch in lattice interplanar spacing in an interface region between the intermediate layer and the upper base layer is not higher than 65% of the theoretical value of the mismatch in lattice interplanar spacing between the substrate and the upper base layer.

A forming tool for forming leading edges of turbine blades is disclosed. In various embodiments, a forming tool may comprise a cylindrically-shaped body having a notch around the circumference of the cylindrically-shaped body. The notch may be positioned perpendicularly to a center axis of the cylindrically-shaped body. Further, the notch may have a notch contour with an upper notch contour and a lower notch contour, and where the notch contour is a relief of a selected turbine blade leading edge. The forming tool may be a grinding tool or a cutting tool. Moreover, a forming process may comprise forming, by a forming tool, a first portion of a turbine blade leading edge with a rough edge result, and forming, by a milling cutter, a second portion of the turbine blade leading edge with a rough edge result.

A coating comprising a bottom layer comprising a hard physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating applied to the end mill. The bottom layer has an edge-prep and polished top surface with reoriented cutting forces. The coating includes a top layer comprising a friction reducing coating applied to the top surface of the bottom layer to prevent or minimize titanium or titanium alloy adhesion to the end mill during milling operations of a metal object comprising the titanium or titanium alloy. The coating has a chemical composition which has inertness toward titanium or titanium alloy. A cutter tool and method are also provided.

A rotary cutting blade material has an attaching structure forming portion that is to serve as an attaching portion to the shank, a cutting structure forming portion that is to serve as a cutting blade, and a joint portion. The cutting structure forming portion has a core portion and a surface portion provided on the attaching structure forming portion with the joint portion being interposed, and the surface portion covers at least a part of a surface of the core portion. The attaching structure forming portion includes a hard material including a hard component and one or two or more types of iron group elements, and the hard material has a Young's modulus of not more than 350 GPa. The core portion includes a cemented carbide material, and the surface portion includes PCD or CBN.

A tool for machining fiber-reinforced materials, said tool having a tool body having a particular cutting edge that has at least a main function surface and has a diamond coating applied at least to said main function surface. In order to provide a tool and a method which are especially suitable for machining fiber-reinforced materials, the surface of the diamond coating has a reduced peak height Spk of less than 0.25 m.

A cutting tool such as a drill (1) in which a coating layer (6) is provided to the surface of a base body (5) having a rod shape, which is equipped with a cutting edge (2) provided to at least the tip portion (A) of the base body (5) having a rod shape and a chip discharge section (4) provided adjacent to the cutting edge (2) so as to extend rearwards (i.e., towards the rear end) from the tip portion (A), the coating layer (6) comprising a mixture phase of diamond and graphite and having a diamond content ratio which is lower in a rear end located 10 mm rearward from the tip than in the tip portion (A).