Ultrasonic stack contact with an object is detected upon the determination that the frequency of the ultrasonic stack has changed from the frequency of that ultrasonic stack operating near resonance in air.

Ultrasonic stack contact with an object is detected upon the determination that the frequency of the ultrasonic stack has changed from the frequency of that ultrasonic stack operating near resonance in air.

A system and method for combining the effects of magnetic field waveforms, ultrasonic motion and pulsed electric field waveforms in an electrolytic cell creates a sympathetic interaction among the three waveforms that improves the electrochemical machining process. Precisely controlling the coupled effects of simultaneously applying at least two of the three waveforms to the electrochemical cell improves the metal removal rate of the process and the surface finish of the resulting piece. The coupled effects are termed a sympathetic interaction as they can be damped or amplified by modifying the phasing, frequency, orientation or amplitude of the waveforms. In an electrochemical machining process aided by an external magnetic field and periodic ultrasonic relative motion between the tool and working piece, improvements are realized by utilizing for at least two of the magnetic field waveform, electric waveform and ultrasonic waveform, a common frequency and a chosen phase lag between the two waveforms.

The present method for machining a part includes wire electro-discharge machining the part to create a recast layer, and then removing a zinc content of the recast layer without substantially altering the remainder of the initial composition make-up of the recast layer. The final composition make-up of the recast layer is substantially identical to the initial composition make-up except for the removed zinc content.

The present method for machining a part includes wire electro-discharge machining the part to create a recast layer, and then removing a zinc content of the recast layer without substantially altering the remainder of the initial composition make-up of the recast layer. The final composition make-up of the recast layer is substantially identical to the initial composition make-up except for the removed zinc content.

A method for machining a part includes wire electro-discharge machining the part, and then selectively reducing a zinc content of the residual recast layer left on a surface of the part, while otherwise leaving the recast layer substantially intact.

A method for machining a part includes wire electro-discharge machining the part, and then selectively reducing a zinc content of the residual recast layer left on a surface of the part, while otherwise leaving the recast layer substantially intact.

Provided are a silicon ingot slicing apparatus capable of slicing silicon ingots in various forms such as blocks or wafers using microbubbles and wire electric discharge machining.

Provided is an electrochemical machining apparatus, which includes an electrode (3) that form of a shape which a tube shape is extended, including a flexible conductive material, and is which an electrolyte (W) circulates from a base end side (3b) thereof toward a distal end side (3a) thereof, a current supply unit (6) that causes electric current to flow with respect to the electrode (3) in an extending direction (direction running the Y direction) in which the electrode (3) extends, and a magnetic field generation unit (7) that includes at least one pair of magnets (9) which are disposed to face the electrodes (3) a direction and apply a magnetic field in a direction (X direction) intersecting the extending direction with respect to the electrodes (3).

Provided is an electrochemical machining apparatus, which includes an electrode (3) that form of a shape which a tube shape is extended, including a flexible conductive material, and is which an electrolyte (W) circulates from a base end side (3b) thereof toward a distal end side (3a) thereof, a current supply unit (6) that causes electric current to flow with respect to the electrode (3) in an extending direction (direction running the Y direction) in which the electrode (3) extends, and a magnetic field generation unit (7) that includes at least one pair of magnets (9) which are disposed to face the electrodes (3) a direction and apply a magnetic field in a direction (X direction) intersecting the extending direction with respect to the electrodes (3).