Systems and methods suitable for cutting a material and deburring devices for performing a deburring operation on an edge of the material. Such a system includes a frame and table systems supported by the frame. Each table system includes a table for supporting the material and each table system is independently movable relative to the frame in lateral directions. A first carriage unit and second carriage units are supported by the frame and independently operable to travel in a travel direction transverse to the lateral directions. The first carriage unit includes multiple cutting devices, and the second carriage units includes multiple deburring devices. Each cutting device operates in conjunction with a corresponding one of the deburring devices, and the cutting and deburring devices are independently operable to cause the cutting devices and the deburring devices to simultaneously travel in the travel direction.

A slab scarfing apparatus comprises: an upper nozzle unit having an upper surface nozzle for scarfing an edge portion of the upper surface of a slab and having a first side nozzle scarfing an upper edge portion of the side surface of the slab and moving together with the upper surface nozzle; a lower nozzle unit having a lower nozzle for scarfing an edge portion of the lower surface of the slab and having a second side nozzle scarfing a lower edge portion of the side surface of the slab and moving together with the lower nozzle; and a moving apparatus for moving the upper nozzle unit and the lower nozzle unit to allow the upper nozzle unit and the lower nozzle unit to be adjacent to or to be spaced apart from an edge portion of the slab. A method of controlling the apparatus is provided.

A slab scarfing apparatus comprises: an upper nozzle unit having an upper surface nozzle for scarfing an edge portion of the upper surface of a slab and having a first side nozzle scarfing an upper edge portion of the side surface of the slab and moving together with the upper surface nozzle; a lower nozzle unit having a lower nozzle for scarfing an edge portion of the lower surface of the slab and having a second side nozzle scarfing a lower edge portion of the side surface of the slab and moving together with the lower nozzle; and a moving apparatus for moving the upper nozzle unit and the lower nozzle unit to allow the upper nozzle unit and the lower nozzle unit to be adjacent to or to be spaced apart from an edge portion of the slab. A method of controlling the apparatus is provided.

A scarfing head (100) is proposed for scarfing a surface of a workpiece produced by casting, in particular a slab, with a gas outlet side (400) for gases for scarfing, wherein a flame for scarfing can be formed at the gas outlet side; with a plurality of cutting nozzles (120) which are individually fixed on the gas outlet side; and with a central gas conduit (110) in the scarfing head; wherein the plurality of cutting nozzles (120) are disposed around the central gas conduit (110); wherein the scarfing head (100) is so designed that heating gas (150) and heating oxygen (150) can exit through this plurality of cutting nozzles; and wherein the scarfing head (100) is further so arranged that scarfing oxygen can emerge through the central gas conduit (110). Thus a particularly high heating performance is achieved over a comparatively large area. The maintenance and cleaning of the scarfing head is significantly facilitated through the use of many individually fixed cutting nozzles.

A scarfing head (100) is proposed for scarfing a surface of a workpiece produced by casting, in particular a slab, with a gas outlet side (400) for gases for scarfing, wherein a flame for scarfing can be formed at the gas outlet side; with a plurality of cutting nozzles (120) which are individually fixed on the gas outlet side; and with a central gas conduit (110) in the scarfing head; wherein the plurality of cutting nozzles (120) are disposed around the central gas conduit (110); wherein the scarfing head (100) is so designed that heating gas (150) and heating oxygen (150) can exit through this plurality of cutting nozzles; and wherein the scarfing head (100) is further so arranged that scarfing oxygen can emerge through the central gas conduit (110). Thus a particularly high heating performance is achieved over a comparatively large area. The maintenance and cleaning of the scarfing head is significantly facilitated through the use of many individually fixed cutting nozzles.

Shaping systems and methods suitable for cutting a material, and deburring devices for performing a deburring operation on an edge of the material. Such deburring devices include a manifold having at least first, second, and third nozzles having first, second, and third axes on different first, second, and third planes, respectively. The first, second, and third nozzles are adapted to project first, second, and third gas streams therefrom in the first, second, and third planes axes. A mechanism is provided for orienting the manifold to project the first, second, and third gas streams at the edge of the material.

A surface treatment system includes a holder configured to secure an object within the holder and a surface treatment device that is configured to treat a surface of the object within the holder with two types of surface treatments. The device is capable of producing a plasma or a flame at its nozzle for surface treatment. By controlling the materials supplied to the device and the way in which is operated, either a flame or plasma is produced. Thus, the surface treatment system is capable of treating a wide range of materials for printing by a direct-to-object printer.

A rolled steel bar for machine structural use includes a predetermined chemical composition. In the rolled steel bar for machine structural use, K1 obtained from K1=C+Si/7+Mn/5+1.54V is 0.95 to 1.05, K2 obtained from K2=13928.6Si+105Mn833S13420N is more than 35, a Mn content and a S content satisfy Mn/S8.0, and a total decarburized depth of a surface layer is 500 m or less.

A rolled steel bar for machine structural use includes a predetermined chemical composition. In the rolled steel bar for machine structural use, K1 obtained from K1=C+Si/7+Mn/5+1.54V is 0.95 to 1.05, K2 obtained from K2=13928.6Si+105Mn833S13420N is more than 35, a Mn content and a S content satisfy Mn/S8.0, and a total decarburized depth of a surface layer is 500 m or less.

Shaping systems and methods suitable for cutting a material and deburring devices for performing a deburring operation on an edge of the material. The shaping systems include means for supporting the material and at least first and second carriage units independently operable to travel parallel to an axis of the supporting means. The first carriage unit comprises a cutting device coupled thereto with a first arm, and the second carriage unit comprises a deburring device coupled thereto with a second arm. The cutting device and the deburring device are coupled to the first and second carriage units, respectively, so as to move in a travel direction relative to the material supported by the supporting means and perform cutting and deburring operations, respectively, from opposite surfaces of the material.