In certain embodiments, inductive heating is added to a metal working process, such as a welding process, by an induction heating head. The induction heating head may be adapted specifically for this purpose, and may include one or more coils to direct and place the inductive energy, protective structures, and so forth. Productivity of a welding process may be improved by the application of heat from the induction heating head. The heating is in addition to heat from a welding arc, and may facilitate application of welding wire electrode materials into narrow grooves and gaps, as well as make the processes more amenable to the use of certain compositions of welding wire, shielding gasses, flux materials, and so forth. In addition, distortion and stresses are reduced by the application of the induction heating energy in addition to the welding arc source.

A hot-pressed member is formed using a tailored blank material obtained by butt joining respective ends of two or more coated steel sheets. The hot-pressed member has two or more sites formed by the respective coated steel sheets and at least one joining portion between the sites. Depending on a type of a coated layer of each of the coated steel sheets, t.sub.w/t.sub.0 is appropriately controlled where t.sub.w is a thickness of a thinnest portion in the joining portion and t.sub.0 is a thickness of a thinnest site of the sites. A tensile strength of each of the sites is 1180 MPa or more.

A hot-pressed member is formed using a tailored blank material obtained by butt joining respective ends of two or more coated steel sheets. The hot-pressed member has two or more sites formed by the respective coated steel sheets and at least one joining portion between the sites. Depending on a type of a coated layer of each of the coated steel sheets, t.sub.w/t.sub.0 is appropriately controlled where t.sub.w is a thickness of a thinnest portion in the joining portion and t.sub.0 is a thickness of a thinnest site of the sites. A tensile strength of each of the sites is 1180 MPa or more.

A method of manufacturing a welded structure of a ferritic heat-resistant steel is provided that prevents Type IV damage and that has good on-site operability without adding a high B concentration. The method includes: the step of preparing a base material including 8.0 to 12.0% Cr, less than 0.005% B and other elements; the step of forming an edge on the base material; a pre-weld heat treatment step in which a region located between a surface of the edge and a position distant from the surface of the edge by a pre-weld heat treatment depth of 30 to 100 mm is heated to a temperature of 1050 to 1200° C. and is held at this temperature for 2 to 30 minutes; a welding step in which the edge is welded to form the weld metal; and a post-weld heat treatment step in which a region located between the surface of the edge and a position distant from the surface of the edge by a distance not smaller than the pre-weld heat treatment depth and not greater than 100 mm is heated to a temperature of 720 to 780° C. and is held at this temperature for a time period not shorter than 30 minutes and satisfying the following formula, (1):
(Log(t)+12).Math.(T+273)<13810  (1).

A method of manufacturing a welded structure of a ferritic heat-resistant steel is provided that prevents Type IV damage and that has good on-site operability without adding a high B concentration. The method includes: the step of preparing a base material including 8.0 to 12.0% Cr, less than 0.005% B and other elements; the step of forming an edge on the base material; a pre-weld heat treatment step in which a region located between a surface of the edge and a position distant from the surface of the edge by a pre-weld heat treatment depth of 30 to 100 mm is heated to a temperature of 1050 to 1200° C. and is held at this temperature for 2 to 30 minutes; a welding step in which the edge is welded to form the weld metal; and a post-weld heat treatment step in which a region located between the surface of the edge and a position distant from the surface of the edge by a distance not smaller than the pre-weld heat treatment depth and not greater than 100 mm is heated to a temperature of 720 to 780° C. and is held at this temperature for a time period not shorter than 30 minutes and satisfying the following formula, (1):
(Log(t)+12).Math.(T+273)<13810  (1).

A weld is formed in a workpiece such as a pipeline by first activating a melting device, such as a laser, to form a molten weld pool in the workpiece and then activating a welding device, such as a GMAW torch, to initiate a weld in the weld pool. The weld therefore incorporates the weld pool homogeneously. Relative movement between the activated welding device and the workpiece continues and completes the weld while the melting device remains deactivated.

A clamp system and method for measurement and control of welding a first substrate to a second substrate is provided. The system comprises a squeeze clamp having to a first end and a second end. The system further comprises a motor connected to the squeeze clamp such that the first and second ends are movable to clamp the first substrate to the second substrate. The system further comprises at least one of an electromagnetic flux sensor, a current sensor, a position sensor, and a gap sensor disposed on one of the first and second ends for determining a first measured variable between the first and second substrates. The system further comprises a controller to control the motor to clamp the first substrate to the second substrate based on the first measured variable. The controller is in communication with the electromagnetic flux sensor, the current sensor, and the gap sensor.

A metal-cored electrode for welding to form a weld bead on a ferrous material, which weld bead includes at least 35 wt. % nickel. The metal-cored electrode includes a metal sheath surrounding a core. The core includes greater than 35 wt. % nickel.

A metal-cored electrode for welding to form a weld bead on a ferrous material, which weld bead includes at least 35 wt. % nickel. The metal-cored electrode includes a metal sheath surrounding a core. The core includes greater than 35 wt. % nickel.

An electric arc torch includes a torch body and a gas diffuser extending from a distal side of the torch body. A contact tip is attached to the gas diffuser. The contact tip has a bore extending along a first axis. A wire guide is located within the torch body and has a wire guide channel that extends from a wire receiving end of the wire guide channel to a wire discharge end of the wire guide channel. The wire discharge end is aligned with the bore of the contact tip. A wire electrode conduit extends from a lateral side of the torch body and is configured to discharge a wire electrode into the wire receiving end of the wire guide channel and along a second axis. An angle between the first axis and the second axis is not greater than 90 degrees.