Embodiments of welding systems and methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, a welding system includes a waveform generator to generate a welding waveform with an adjustable DC offset and duty cycle. A sensor of the welding system senses a welding parameter at a welding electrode during a welding operation. A controller of the welding system is coupled to the sensor and the waveform generator and compares the welding parameter to a pre-defined parameter. The controller adjusts at least one of the DC offset and the duty cycle of the welding waveform in response to comparing the welding parameter to the pre-defined parameter to control a stick-out distance of the electrode.

One or more techniques and/or systems are disclosed for an agglomerated welding flux that can comprise, as expressed in % by weight of flux: 25 to 35% MgO, 20 to 28% CaF.sub.2, 15 to 22% Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 12 to 17% SiO.sub.2, and 0,2 to 0,4% carbon (% by weight). The carbon can be introduced using at least one metallic compound contained in the flux. Further disclosed is a process for submerged-arc welding of at least one workpiece made of austenitic stainless steel, using the described flux. Additionally disclosed is a welded joint that can comprise 17 to 20% Cr, 5 to 8,5% Mn, and 14 to 18% Ni, which can be obtained using the described process.

One or more techniques and/or systems are disclosed for an agglomerated welding flux that can comprise, as expressed in % by weight of flux: 25 to 35% MgO, 20 to 28% CaF.sub.2, 15 to 22% Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 12 to 17% SiO.sub.2, and 0,2 to 0,4% carbon (% by weight). The carbon can be introduced using at least one metallic compound contained in the flux. Further disclosed is a process for submerged-arc welding of at least one workpiece made of austenitic stainless steel, using the described flux. Additionally disclosed is a welded joint that can comprise 17 to 20% Cr, 5 to 8,5% Mn, and 14 to 18% Ni, which can be obtained using the described process.

A metal-cored wire for submerged arc welding having a composition including, in mass %: C: 0.20 to 0.80%, Si: 0.15 to 0.90%, Mn: 17.0 to 28.0%, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Ni: 0.01 to 10.00%, Cr: 0.4 to 4.0%, Mo: 3.50 to 10.00%, B: 0.0010% or less, N: 0.200% or less, and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities.

A contact device for a welding apparatus is disclosed. The contact device is for providing current to a first welding wire and a second welding wire. The contact device includes first and second contact jaws. The first and second contact jaws include a plurality of longitudinally extending grooves formed therein that form passageways for the welding wires. The welding wires can be positioned in a first configuration in which they are spaced apart and in a second configuration in which they are next to and contact each other.

Weld metals and methods for welding ferritic steels are provided. The weld metals have high strength and high ductile tearing resistance and are suitable for use in strain based pipelines. The weld metals are comprised of between 0.03 and 0.08 wt % carbon, between 2.0 and 3.5 wt % nickel, not greater than about 2.0 wt % manganese, not greater than about 0.80 wt % molybdenum, not greater than about 0.70 wt % silicon, not greater than about 0.03 wt % aluminum, not greater than 0.02 wt % titanium, not greater than 0.04 wt % zirconium, between 100 and 225 ppm oxygen, not greater than about 100 ppm nitrogen, not greater than about 100 ppm sulfur, not greater than about 100 ppm phosphorus, and the balance essentially iron. The weld metals are applied using a power source with pulsed current waveform control with <5% CO.sub.2 and <2% oxygen in the shielding gas.

A hardfacing metal composition and method of restoring worn work string tubing by application of a hardfacing metal to the worn regions of the work string tubing.

A vehicle body manufacturing apparatus includes: a jig that holds one work of the vehicle body, positions the one work to the another work, and joins the works together at a joint section; a welding gun that welds a weld portion in the joint section by an electrode that is moved along a pressure axis and pressed against the weld portion; and a welding position fixing member that regulates the pressure axis, along which the electrode is moved, within a setting area, the welding position fixing member being movable in a coaxial direction to the pressure axis along which the electrode is moved, being contactable with the joint section to interpose the joint section between the jig and the welding position fixing member, and having a controllable pressure at a time of welding the weld portion by the electrode, which is moved at the time of welding.

Provided are a welded joint of extremely low-temperature steel and flux cored, submerged, and gas metal arc welding materials which can be used to prepare the welded joint, wherein the welded joint of extremely low-temperature steel has outstanding impact toughness in extremely low-temperature conditions and excellent yield strength at room temperature.

Systems and methods for low-manganese welding alloys are disclosed. An example arc welding consumable that forms a weld deposit on a steel workpiece during an arc welding operation, wherein the welding consumable comprises: less than 0.4 wt % manganese; strengthening agents selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, copper, carbon, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, silicon, and boron; and grain control agents selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, and boron, wherein the grain control agents comprise greater than 0.06 wt % and less than 0.6 wt % of the welding consumable, wherein the weld deposit comprises a tensile strength greater than or equal to 70 ksi, a yield strength greater than or equal to 58 ksi, a ductility, as measured by percent elongation, that is at least 22%, and a Charpy V-notch toughness greater than or equal to 20 ft-lbs at ?20? F., and wherein the welding consumable provides a manganese fume generation rate less than 0.01 grams per minute during the arc welding operation.