An example system for controlling heating of a workpiece includes: an interface configured to receive a target temperature (T.sub.T) for the workpiece; a processor configured to: select a current temperature (T.sub.S) for the workpiece based on monitoring one or more temperature sensors; and set a control temperature (T.sub.C) based on the received target temperature and T.sub.S; and a control system configured to: control heating of the workpiece via a heating device until the workpiece reaches T.sub.C as measured by at least one of the one or more temperature sensors, and controlling the heating device to stop heating the workpiece in response to the workpiece reaching T.sub.C; wherein: the processor is configured to characterize a temperature ramp rate based on a measured temperature overshoot at the workpiece after turning off the heating device; and the control system is configured to control heating of the workpiece to T.sub.T by controlling the heating device based on the temperature ramp rate.

An example system for controlling heating of a workpiece includes: an interface configured to receive a target temperature (T.sub.T) for the workpiece; a processor configured to: select a current temperature (T.sub.S) for the workpiece based on monitoring one or more temperature sensors; and set a control temperature (T.sub.C) based on the received target temperature and T.sub.S; and a control system configured to: control heating of the workpiece via a heating device until the workpiece reaches T.sub.C as measured by at least one of the one or more temperature sensors, and controlling the heating device to stop heating the workpiece in response to the workpiece reaching T.sub.C; wherein: the processor is configured to characterize a temperature ramp rate based on a measured temperature overshoot at the workpiece after turning off the heating device; and the control system is configured to control heating of the workpiece to T.sub.T by controlling the heating device based on the temperature ramp rate.

A method for preparing aluminum foam sandwich material by rotating friction extrusion and electromagnetic pulse hybrid process includes: step 1: preparing the filler; step 2: processing the filler to prepare a plurality of preforms; step 3: clamping and fixing the plurality of preforms to form a preform assembly; step 4: welding the panel on the surface of the preform assembly to form an non-foaming sandwich material; step 5: heating and foaming the non-foaming sandwich material through a foaming mold; step 6: insulating the foaming mold after completion of foaming; injecting cooling water into the foaming mold after completion of insulation to maintain pressure and shape, forming the aluminum foam sandwich material of the required shape. The aluminum foam sandwich material produced by this method has good interface bonding, no adverse interface reaction, high bending resistance, impact resistance, and excellent sound absorption and insulation properties.

An assembly is provided for induction welding. This assembly utilizes a plurality of heat shields (e.g., mica heat shields) that are aligned/disposed in end-to-end relation, with each such heat shield having a recess. An induction welding coil may be disposed within a heat shield recess during induction welding operations and is movable along a welding path while proceeding along the recesses of the various heat shields. This welding path may be axially extending or may be curved. The induction welding assembly may be used to induction weld a stiffener to a curved skin or shell, for instance where a base of the recess for each heat shield is curved such that the induction welding coil may be moved along a curved welding path and while maintaining a constant spacing between the induction welding coil and the recess base of the various heat shields.

An assembly is provided for induction welding. This assembly utilizes a plurality of heat shields (e.g., mica heat shields) that are aligned/disposed in end-to-end relation, with each such heat shield having a recess. An induction welding coil may be disposed within a heat shield recess during induction welding operations and is movable along a welding path while proceeding along the recesses of the various heat shields. This welding path may be axially extending or may be curved. The induction welding assembly may be used to induction weld a stiffener to a curved skin or shell, for instance where a base of the recess for each heat shield is curved such that the induction welding coil may be moved along a curved welding path and while maintaining a constant spacing between the induction welding coil and the recess base of the various heat shields.

An assembly is provided for induction welding. This assembly utilizes a heat shield (e.g., a mica heat shield) with a recess. An induction welding coil may be disposed within this heat shield recess during induction welding operations. The wall thickness of the heat shield within the recess may be reduced to enhance heat transfer to a workpiece during induction welding operations. The heat shield may be coated with a ceramic coating to enhance the heat shield's heat resistance and reduce heat shield flaking at the recess during induction welding operations.

An assembly is provided for induction welding. This assembly utilizes a heat shield (e.g., a mica heat shield) with a recess. An induction welding coil may be disposed within this heat shield recess during induction welding operations. The wall thickness of the heat shield within the recess may be reduced to enhance heat transfer to a workpiece during induction welding operations. The heat shield may be coated with a ceramic coating to enhance the heat shield's heat resistance and reduce heat shield flaking at the recess during induction welding operations.

Systems and methods are provided for controlling welding. One embodiment is a method for controlling welding. The method includes initiating induction welding by operating an induction coil along a weld interface of a first composite part comprising a matrix of thermoplastic reinforced by fibers, in order to join the first composite part to a second composite part, determining a measured magnetic field strength at a location distinct from the induction coil, and determining a welding temperature at the weld interface of the first composite part based on the measured magnetic field strength.

Systems and methods are provided for controlling welding. One embodiment is a method for controlling welding. The method includes initiating induction welding by operating an induction coil along a weld interface of a first composite part comprising a matrix of thermoplastic reinforced by fibers, in order to join the first composite part to a second composite part, determining a measured magnetic field strength at a location distinct from the induction coil, and determining a welding temperature at the weld interface of the first composite part based on the measured magnetic field strength.

A radial bearing having a wear surface with improved wear characteristics comprises a steel support, to which is bonded a metal carbide composite wear surface made by first arranging, within a cavity defined between a steel mold and the steel support, tiles made of microwave sintered, cemented metal carbide, closely packing the voids between the tiles with metal carbide powder, and infiltrating the mold cavity with a metal brazing alloy by subjecting the filled mold to rapid heating. The brazing alloy fills voids between the metal carbide particles, the microwave sintered metal carbide tiles, and the metal support, thereby relatively rapidly consolidating the carbide into a wear layer bonded with the steel support without substantially damaging the properties of the microwave-sintered metal carbide tiles.