A method of selective laser brazing is provided. The method includes providing a powder including a plurality of parent core particles and a plurality of braze particles, setting a temperature of an energy source, applying the energy source to the powder, and allowing the heated powder to solidify. The plurality of parent core particles are fused together by the plurality of braze material into a desired component.

An additive manufacturing device includes: an inner light beam radiation device of radiating an inner light beam; an outer light beam radiation device of radiating an outer light beam; and a control device. when a molten pool is irradiated with the outer light beam, the control device controls a power density of the outer light beam representing an output per unit area such that a cooling rate of the molten pool representing a temperature drop per unit time is 540? C./s or less at a freezing point of a carbide binder included in the molten pool, the molten pool being formed by irradiating a material including a hard material and a carbide binder with the inner light beam to melt the material. According to the present disclosure, the additive manufacturing device can prevent cracking and additively manufacture a high-quality shaped object with a simple configuration.

In an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint, a cup member and a shaft member are made of medium to high carbon steel and welded together. The cup member has a bottomed cylindrical shape that is opened at one end, and includes a cylindrical portion, a bottom portion, and a short shaft section of a solid shaft shape protruding from the bottom portion and having a joining end surface. The shaft member has a solid shaft shape and a joining end surface. The joining end surfaces of the cup and shaft members are brought into abutment against each other, and a high energy intensity beam is radiated from an outer side in a radial direction to form a welded portion. A structure of a molten metal at the welded portion is in a mixed phase of ferrite and granular cementite.

An electron beam source comprising a cathode, an anode, a means for deflecting an electron beam over a target surface and at least one vacuum pump, the electron beam source further comprising a contraction area arranged between the anode and the means for deflecting the electron beam where a hole in the contraction area is aligned with a hole in the anode with respect to the cathode, a first vacuum pump is arranged between the contraction area and the anode and a second vacuum pump is arranged above the anode, a gas inlet is provided between the contraction area and the means for deflecting the electron beam, wherein a first crossover of the electron beam is arranged between the cathode and the anode and a second crossover is arranged at or in close proximity to the contraction area.

A method and an apparatus for collecting a powdered material after a print job in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing may involve a build platform supporting a powder bed capable of tilting, inverting, and shaking to separate the powder bed substantially from the build platform in a hopper. The powdered material may be collected in a hopper for reuse in later print jobs. The powder collecting process may be automated to increase efficiency of powder bed fusion additive manufacturing.

A beam adjustment method includes: installing, on an irradiation surface to which an electron beam is radiated, a detection part having a Faraday cup catching electrical charges of the electron beam, and installing, on a side of an electron gun further than the detection part, a shielding plate having opening holes through which the electron beam is passable. The method includes causing, upon performing beam diameter measurement processing, the electron beam to pass through the opening holes, and radiating the electron beam to the Faraday cup. In addition, the method includes radiating, upon performing normal processing, the electron beam to the shielding plate.

A three-dimensional shaping device shapes a three-dimensional article by irradiating a powder material with an electron beam and melting the powder material. The three-dimensional shaping device includes an electron beam emitting unit emitting the electron beam, melting the powder material in order to shape the article, and performing preliminary heating of the powder material by irradiating the powder material with the electron beam before the article is shaped. The electron beam emitting unit moves an irradiation position of the electron beam in a spiral pattern when the powder material is irradiated with the electron beam for preliminary heating.

A method is provided for welding a substrate, in which an energy source and/or a material feed is or are moved in an oscillating motion over the surface of the substrate. The oscillating movement in a vertical and/or horizontal direction during welding results in smaller grains, which prevent the formation of fractures during welding.

Overheating of and unintended melting of powder is suppressed, and thus the shaping accuracy is improved. A three-dimensional shaping apparatus includes an electron gun that generates an electron beam, at least one primary deflector that deflects the electron beam one- or two-dimensionally, at least one lens that is provided between the electron gun and the primary deflector and focuses the electron beam, a secondary deflector that is provided between the electron gun and the primary deflector, and deflects the electron beam one- or two-dimensionally, and a controller that controls the deflection directions and scanning speeds of the primary deflector and the second deflector. The controller controls the deflection direction and scanning speed of the second deflector while the scanning speed of the primary deflector is lower than a predetermined speed.

Provided is a three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus 100 including a column unit 200 that is configured to output an electron beam EB and deflect the electron beam EB toward the front surface of a powder layer 32, an insulating portion that electrically insulates a three-dimensional structure 36 from a ground potential member, an ammeter 73 that is configured to measure the current value indicative of the current flowing into the ground after passing through the three-dimensional structure 36, a melting judging unit 410 that is configured to detect that the powder layer 32 is melted based on the current value measured by the ammeter 73 and generate a melting signal, and a deflection controller 420 that is configured to receive the melting signal to determine the condition for the irradiation with the electron beam.