This invention effectively suppresses the generation of scattered electrons such as secondary electrons and backscattered electrons. A three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes a linear funnel that recoats a material of a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object onto a shaping surface on which the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object is to be shaped. The three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus also includes an electron gun that generates an electron beam. The three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus further includes an anti-deposition cover made of a metal and formed between the shaping surface and the electron gun. In addition, the three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes a DC power supply that applies a positive voltage to the anti-deposition cover.

A titanium alloy additive manufacturing product contains 5.50 to 6.75 wt % of Al, 3.50 to 4.50 wt % of V, 0.20 wt % or less of O, 0.40 wt % or less of Fe, 0.015 wt % or less of H, 0.08 wt % or less of C, 0.05 wt % or less of N, and inevitable impurities, in which a pore content is 0.05 number/mm.sup.2 or less, and a tensile strength is 855 MPa or more.

Additive manufacturing can involve dispensing a powdered material to form a layer of a powder bed on a support surface of a build platform. A portion of the layer of the powder bed may be selectively melted or fused to form one or more temporary walls out of the fused portion of the layer of the powder bed to contain another portion of the layer of the powder bed on the build platform

Devices, systems, methods, and kits of parts for monitoring operation of an electron beam additive manufacturing systems are disclosed. A monitoring system includes one or more measuring devices positioned on the at least one wall in the interior of a build chamber of the additive manufacturing system. Each one of the one or more measuring devices includes a piezoelectric crystal. The monitoring system further includes an analysis component communicatively coupled to the one or more measuring devices. The analysis component is programmed to receive information pertaining to a frequency of oscillation of the piezoelectric crystal. A collection of material on the one or more measuring devices during formation of an article within the build chamber causes a change to the frequency of oscillation of the piezoelectric crystal that is detectable by the analysis component and usable to determine a potential build anomaly of the article.

A recoater that is two-dimensionally driven is cooled by a simple structure. A three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes at least one material spreader that spreads a material of a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object, a temperature measurer that measures a temperature of the material spreader, at least one cooler that cools the material spreader and is provided at a standby position at which the material spreader stands by while the material is not spread, and a controller that controls the material spreader. The controller moves the material spreader to the standby position to bring the material spreader and the cooler into contact with each other.

An additive manufacturing system including a two-dimensional energy patterning system for imaging a powder bed is disclosed. Improved structure formation, part creation and manipulation, use of multiple additive manufacturing systems, and high throughput manufacturing methods suitable for automated or semi-automated factories are also disclosed.

Systems and methods for additive layer manufacturing of metallic components, such as rocket engines and propellant supply systems, are provided. Methods include melting the surface of a work piece to form a weld pool; adding wire to the weld pool and moving a heat source relative to the work piece to progressively form a new layer of metallic material on the work piece; cooling the formed layer; stress relieving (e.g., peening) the cooled layer; applying a secondary operations either sequentially or simultaneously; and repeating the above steps as required to form components layer by layer. Systems and methods of supplying a first propellant to the rocket engine of a launch vehicle are also provided, where the first propellant is supplied through a heat exchanger for generating mechanical energy to pump the first propellant into the rocket engine, and electrical energy to pump a second propellant into the rocket engine.

An apparatus for additive printing is provided. The apparatus includes a print head, an optical-mechanical assembly, and a rejected energy handling device. The print head includes an energy source and one or more energy patterning devices configured to provide one or more two-dimensional patterned incident beams to process a powdered material. The optical-mechanical assembly includes optical components arranged to receive and direct the one or more incident beams into a location. The rejected energy handling device is configured to reuse beam energy rejected by the one or more energy patterning devices by relaying the rejected beam energy to either or both of an electricity generator and a thermal management system.

Devices, systems, methods, and kits of parts for monitoring operation of an electron beam additive manufacturing systems are disclosed. A monitoring system includes one or more measuring devices positioned on the at least one wall in the interior of a build chamber of the additive manufacturing system. Each one of the one or more measuring devices includes a piezoelectric crystal. The monitoring system further includes an analysis component communicatively coupled to the one or more measuring devices. The analysis component is programmed to receive information pertaining to a frequency of oscillation of the piezoelectric crystal. A collection of material on the one or more measuring devices during formation of an article within the build chamber causes a change to the frequency of oscillation of the piezoelectric crystal that is detectable by the analysis component and usable to determine a potential build anomaly of the article.

The present disclosure provides three-dimensional (3D) objects, 3D printing processes, as well as methods, apparatuses and systems for the production of a 3D object. Methods, apparatuses and systems of the present disclosure may reduce or eliminate the need for auxiliary supports. The present disclosure provides three dimensional (3D) objects printed utilizing the printing processes, methods, apparatuses and systems described herein.